Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P62988 (Ubiquitin)
 4,326 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Vertebrates express two distinct families of SUMO proteins (SUMO1 and SUMO2/3) that serve distinct functions as posttranslational modifiers. Many proteins are modified specifically with SUMO1 or SUMO2/3, but the mechanisms for paralog selectivity are poorly understood. In a screen for SUMO2/3 binding proteins, we identified Ubiquitin Specific Protease 25 (USP25). USP25 turned out to also be a target for sumoylation, being more efficient with SUMO2/3. Sumoylation takes place within USP25's two ubiquitin interaction motifs (UIMs) that are required for efficient hydrolysis of ubiquitin chains. USP25 sumoylation impairs binding to and hydrolysis of ubiquitin chains. Both SUMO2/3-specific binding and sumoylation depend on a SUMO interaction motif (SIM/SBM). Seven amino acids in the SIM of USP25 are sufficient for SUMO2/3-specific binding and conjugation, even when taken out of structural context. One mechanism for paralog-specific sumoylation may, thus, involve SIM-dependent recruitment of SUMO1 or SUMO2/3 thioester-charged Ubc9 to targets.
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PMID:Mechanism and consequences for paralog-specific sumoylation of ubiquitin-specific protease 25. 1853 49

Post-translational modifications by the Small Ubiquitin-like Modifier (SUMO) family of proteins have been established as critical events in the cellular response to a wide range of DNA damaging reagents and radiation; however, the detailed mechanism of SUMOylation in DNA damage response is not well understood. In this study, we used a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy-based metabolomics approach to examine the effect of an inhibitor of SUMO-mediated protein-protein interactions on MCF7 breast cancer cell response to radiation. Metabolomics is sensitive to changes in cellular functions and thus provides complementary information to other biological studies. The peptide inhibitor (SUMO interaction motif mimic, SIM) and a control peptide were stably expressed in MCF-7 cell line. Metabolite profiles of the cell lines before and after radiation were analyzed using solution NMR methods. Various statistical methods were used to isolate significant changes. Differences in the amounts of glutamine, aspartate, malate, alanine, glutamate and NADH between the SIM-expressing and control cells suggest a role for SUMOylation in regulating mitochondrial function. This is also further verified following the metabolism of (13)C-labeled glutamine. The inability of the cells expressing the SIM peptide to increase production of the antioxidants carnosine and glutathione after radiation damage suggests an important role of SUMOylation in regulating the levels of antioxidants that protect cells from free radicals and reactive oxygen species generated by radiation. This study reveals previously unknown roles of SUMOylation in DNA damage response.
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PMID:NMR metabolomic profiling reveals new roles of SUMOylation in DNA damage response. 2069 51

Mx proteins are evolutionarily conserved dynamin-like large GTPases involved in viral resistance triggered by types I and III interferons. The human MxA is a cytoplasmic protein that confers resistance to a large number of viruses. The MxA protein is also known to self-assembly into high molecular weight homo-oligomers. Using a yeast two-hybrid screen, we identified 27 MxA binding partners, some of which are related to the SUMOylation machinery. The interaction of MxA with Small-Ubiquitin MOdifier 1 (SUMO1) and Ubiquitin conjugating enzyme 9 (Ubc9) was confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation and co-localization by confocal microscopy. We identified one SUMO conjugation site at lysine 48 and two putative SUMO interacting motifs (SIMa and SIMb). We showed that MxA interacts with the EIL loop of SUMO1 in a SIM-independent manner via its CID-GED domain. The yeast two-hybrid mapping also revealed that Ubc9 binds to the MxA GTPase domain. Mutation in the putative SIMa and SIMb, which are located in the GTPase binding domain, reduced MxA antiviral activity. In addition, we showed that MxA can be conjugated to SUMO2 or SUMO3 at lysine 48 and that the SUMOylation-deficient mutant of MxA (MxAK48R) retained its capacity to oligomerize and to inhibit Vesicular Stomatitis Virus (VSV) and Influenza A Virus replication, suggesting that MxA SUMOylation is not essential for its antiviral activity.
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PMID:MxA interacts with and is modified by the SUMOylation machinery. 2544 5