Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UNIPROT:P62988 (Ubiquitin)
 4,326 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Ubiquitin and ubiquitin-like proteins are conjugated to a wide variety of target proteins that play roles in all biological processes. Target proteins are conjugated to ubiquitin monomers or to ubiquitin polymers that form via all seven internal lysine residues of ubiquitin. The fate of these target proteins is controlled in a chain architecture-dependent manner. SUMO (small ubiquitin-related modifier) shares the ability of ubiquitin to form chains via internal SUMOylation sites. Interestingly, a SUMO-binding site in Ubc9 is important for SUMO chain synthesis. Similar to ubiquitin-polymer cleavage by USPs (ubiquitin-specific proteases), SUMO chain formation is reversible. SUMO polymers are cleaved by the SUMO proteases SENP6 [SUMO/sentrin/SMT3 (suppressor of mif two 3)-specific peptidase 6], SENP7 and Ulp2 (ubiquitin-like protease 2). SUMO chain-binding proteins including ZIP1, SLX5/8 (synthetic lethal of unknown function 5/8), RNF4 (RING finger protein 4) and CENP-E (centromere-associated protein E) have been identified that interact non-covalently with SUMO chains, thereby regulating target proteins that are conjugated to SUMO multimers. SUMO chains play roles in replication, in the turnover of SUMO targets by the proteasome and during mitosis and meiosis. Thus signalling via polymers is an exciting feature of the SUMO family.
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PMID:SUMO chains: polymeric signals. 2007 33

SUMOylation of proteins plays a key role in modulating neuronal function. For this reason, the balance between protein SUMOylation and deSUMOylation requires fine regulation to guarantee the homeostasis of neural tissue. While extensive research has been carried out on the localization and function of small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO) variants in neurons, less attention has been paid to the SUMO-specific isopeptidases that constitute the human SUMO-specific isopeptidase (SENP)/Ubiquitin-Specific Protease (ULP) cysteine protease family (SENP1-3 and SENP5-7). Here, for the first time, we studied the localization of SENP1, SENP6, and SENP7 in cultured hippocampal primary neurons at a super resolution detail level, with structured illumination microscopy (SIM). We found that the deSUMOylases partially colocalize with pre- and post-synaptic markers such as synaptophysin and drebrin. Thus, further confirming the presence with synaptic markers of the negative regulators of the SUMOylation machinery.
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PMID:Neuronal Localization of SENP Proteins with Super Resolution Microscopy. 3311 32