Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P61278 (somatostatin)
 22,083 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Different types of treatment, including surgery, medical therapy and radiotherapy, are possible in achieving control of acromegaly. Of the medical therapies available, somatostatin analogues are effective in the majority of patients and can induce pituitary tumour shrinkage. The rationale and outcome of somatostatin analogue treatment before surgery in patients with acromegaly is briefly presented. In summary, the benefits of somatostatin analogues given preoperatively should be considered carefully as optimisation of cardiovascular, respiratory and metabolic functions is clinically relevant for perioperative morbidity. Somatostatin analogues also induce significant shrinkage of GH-secreting pituitary tumours, although this does not seem to be helpful in terms of improved surgical outcome.
Endokrynol Pol
PMID:The importance of presurgical somatostatin analogue therapy in acromegaly. 1805 29

Acromegaly can be treated with several medical modalities. The growth hormone (GH) receptor antagonist pegvisomant, in particular, is able to reduce serum insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) concentrations to almost any desired level. Along with this important achievement come other practical issues. The most important is that IGF-I also has metabolic actions, especially the control of serum glucose concentrations. As somatostatin analogues and pegvisomant have their own intrinsic differential effects on serum GH levels and actions as well as on serum IGF-I levels and actions, it should not automatically be assumed that absolute concentrations of these parameters of disease activity reflect the same levels of action. In the ideal situation we should be able to develop treatment of specific target levels for both GH and IGF-I that might even be patient-specific as well. To date we have not moved as far as this, but awareness of treatment-specific differential effects might help us to understand some of the signs and symptoms that we encounter in acromegalic patients.
Endokrynol Pol
PMID:The medical treatment of acromegaly. 1805 30

Pancreatic endocrine tumors (PETs) are rare neoplasms of this organ. The majority of PETs are tumors without hormonal activity. In this publication, we present the diagnostic and therapeutic guidelines for the management of these tumors proposed by the Polish Network of Neuroendocrine Tumors. These guidelines refer to biochemical and location diagnostics, including scintygraphy of somatostatin receptors, endoscopic ultrasonography and other anatomical and functional imaging methods. High importance is attached to correct histopathological diagnosis which determines further management of patients with PETs. Antitumor therapy requires multidirectional procedure, and therefore the rules of surgical treatment, biotherapy, chemotherapy and peptide receptor radionuclide therapy are discussed.
Endokrynol Pol
PMID:[Pancreatic endocrine tumors - management guidelines (recommended by the Polish Network of Neuroendocrine Tumors)]. 1833 2

Polish recommendations regarding management of patients suffering from neuroendocrine tumors of small intestine and appendix are presented. Small intestine, especially ileum represent most common origin of these tumors. Majority of them are well differentiated and grow slowly. Rarely, they are less differentiated with fast growth and poor prognosis. Symptoms are atypical, diagnosis could be often accidental. In 4-10% of patients typical symptoms of carcinoid syndrome are present. Chromogranin A is useful in the laboratory diagnostics, and urinary excretion of 5-hydroxyindoloacetic acid is helpful for the diagnostics and monitoring of the disease. Histopathological diagnostics was extensively described. Ultrasound, colonoscopy, capsule endoscopy, baloon enteroscopy, computed tomography, magnetic resonance and somatostatin analogs scintigraphy could be used for the visualization. The treatment of choice in the neuroendocrine tumors of small intestine and appendix is radical or palliative surgery, if possible using endoscopy. Pharmacotherapy consists of biotherapy and chemotherapy. The crucial in biotherapy is somatostatin analogs application, possible in symptomatic treatment of hormonally functioning tumors. This is treatment of choice in carcinoid crisis. Interferon alfa could be applied because of the same indications as somatostatin analogs, except for carcinoid crisis. Chemotherapy is less successful in disseminated or locally advanced intestinal neuroendocrine tumors, so radioisotope therapy should be considered in each case of unresectable tumor.
Endokrynol Pol
PMID:[Neuroendocrine tumors of the small intestine and the appendix - management guidelines (recommended by The Polish Network of Neuroendocrine Tumors)]. 1833 3

Twenty pituitary adenomas, surgically removed from patients suffering from acromegaly, were studied. The tumours were immunostained with anti-GH and anti-PRL antibodies and with antibodies raised against particular subtypes of somatostatin receptors (rsst1-5). Expression of rsst immunoreactivity was scored using the following scale: 0--negative reaction, 1--weak reaction, 2--moderate reaction, 3--strong reaction. In 15 patients in whom the GH response to the acute administration of 200 ug octreotide was tested the correlation between the expression of rsst and the percentage of GH drop was estimated. All the tumours were GH-immunopositive and in the majority (14/20) co-expression of PRL was also found. All the adenomas examined expressed rsst2A (20/20) and rsst5 (12/12) receptor proteins. Receptors sst2B and rsst3 were found in all but one of the tumours examined (19/20 and 11/12, respectively). None of tumours investigated presented rsst4 immunopositivity. The mixed (GH/PRL) adenomas showed a tendency to a higher expression of rsst2A + + rsst2B and a greater response to octreotide administration. A significant positive correlation was found between rsst2A + rsst2B expressions and a drop in GH after octreotide. To conclude, the GH-inhibiting effect of octreotide depends on the intensity of expression of both rsst2A and rsst2B. Both isoforms of rsst2 mediate the same biological response (inhibition of GH secretion) in GH-secreting and GH/PRL-secreting adenomas.
Endokrynol Pol
PMID:Somatostatin receptors in GH-secreting pituitary adenomas--their relationship to the response to octreotide. 1861 92

The authors present numerous historical descriptions of persons who might suffered from gigantism or acromegaly. The oldest medical data of patients, initial attempts of causal neurosurgical treatment, history of growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor-1, growth hormone releasing hormone and somatostatin discovery is reported. The highest contemporary living persons are also listed.
Endokrynol Pol
PMID:[Acromegaly--from myths to facts]. 1861

Polycystic kidney disease is an inherited multisystem disorder. It causes progressive loss of kidney function, flank pain, urinary tract infection, arterial hypertension and vascular abnormalities. Until the present time the treatment of polycystic kidney disease has been symptomatic. New approaches based on cell culture of cyst wall epithelia and on the discovery of polycystins 1 and 2 have lead to novel treatment protocols to attack the origin of the disease. These protocols involve vasopressin antagonists, rapamycin and somatostatin at the present time.
Pol Arch Med Wewn 2008 May
PMID:Polycystic kidney disease: will it become treatable? 1861 80

Acromegaly is a slow developing chronic debilitating disease caused by a growth hormone (GH)-producing pituitary adenoma. The clinical consequences of acromegaly result both from excess GH secretion and from mass effect of the pituitary tumour. The disease is associated with increased morbidity and mortality compared to normal population. Currently available therapies for acromegaly are transsphenoidal surgery, radiotherapy and medical therapy. The last includes dopamine agonists, slow release formulation of somatostatin analogues and pegvisomant, a GH-receptor antagonist. All these forms of treatment attempt to control the disease by reducing GH secretion from the tumour and inhibiting the growth of adenoma. The decision concerning the choice of therapy should depend on age, the severity of acromegaly and the presence of its complications and should also consider the dangers associated with each treatment. This review paper summarizes the contemporary treatment of acromegaly with special emphasis on their established benefits and risks.
Pol Merkur Lekarski 2008 Jan
PMID:[Advances in the treatment of acromegaly]. 1863 56

Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) origins from parafollicular cells and secretes calcitonin. It accounts for 5-10% of malignant thyroid tumors. In MTC, radionuclide imaging is employed as complementary method in addition to the routine radiological procedures. Especially, scintigraphy using labelled peptides that specifically bind to the somatostatin receptors is used. Recently a somatostatin analogue labelled with 99mTc (99mTc-HYNIC-TOC) was synthetized. As shown in previous studies, it has favourable pharmacokinetic and clinical characteristics. Aim of this study was to evaluate the utility of 99mTc-HYNIC-TOC in the radionuclide imaging in patients in different stages of MTC. 32 patients in following stages of the disease were studied: evaluation before thyroidectomy (6 patients), remission after surgical treatment (5 patients), stagnation or recurrence after surgical therapy (21 patients). The classification was based on the calcitonin concentrations. The study group included 19 women and 13 men aged 14 to 83 years. Whole body scintigraphy was performed twice: 2 and 4 hours after injection of 20 mCi 99mTc-HYNIC-TOC using dual-head Varicam gamma camera (Elscint). The obtained results were compared to the clinical data and other employed imaging modalities. The scintigraphy using 99mTc-HYNIC-TOC showed 20 true positive, 4 true negative, 1 false positive and 7 false negative results. The sensitivity of this method was 74,1% and specificity - 80,0%. These results are better than those obtained by other authors using other imaging methods. The current study showed high utility of the new peptide tracer in the diagnosis of MTC. Its diagnostic accuracy allows us to recommend it for diagnosis and treatment planning (including radionuclide therapy) in patients with MTC on the routine basis.
Pol Arch Med Wewn 2006 Sep
PMID:[New somatostatin analogue 99mTc-HYNIC-TOC in the scintigraphic diagnosis of medullary thyroid carcinoma]. 1865 78

Patients with carcinoid tumours frequently present with metastatic disease. There are only a few therapeutic options for these patients, and the main goal of palliative treatment is to reduce symptoms and thus to improve quality of life. Current therapy includes surgical resection, hepatic artery embolisation, chemotherapy and somatostatin analogue treatment; however, all these options have limitations. It seems probable that therapeutic modalities based on radiopharmaceuticals may provide better therapy, not only in relation to symptom reduction but may also improve patient survival. In this case report we present a 46-year-old woman with a symptomatic carcinoid, who at the time of diagnosis had liver and abdominal lymph node metastases, the primary tumour being located in the terminal ileum. (111)In-pentetreotide scanning was negative, whereas (123)I-MIBG scanning showed high avidity in the tumour tissue. After right hemicolectomy, two courses of (131)I-MIBG treatment were given (12.95 GBq and 12 GBq, respectively). After the second dose of (131)I-MIBG temporary pancytopenia was present. Octreotide therapy was given empirically only for a short time and was stopped because of drug intolerance. The patient underwent tricuspid and pulmonary valve replacement because of her carcinoid heart disease, followed by two courses of embolisation of liver metastases. While (131)I-MIBG therapy reduced the patient's symptoms of flushing and diarrhoea, there has not yet been any effect on tumour response or 5-HIAA production. This case illustrates the multimodality and multidisciplinary approach to such patients.
Endokrynol Pol
PMID:Multimodality palliative treatment of (111)In-pentetreotide negative/(123)I-MIBG positive metastatic carcinoid - a case report. 1877 5


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