Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P61278 (somatostatin)
 22,083 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The influence of octreotide and somatostatin on liver metabolic activity were studied in 16 patients with cirrhosis that was positive for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). In patients receiving a 50 micrograms bolus and a 50 micrograms/hr infusion of octreotide, the hepatic blood flow, hepatic clearance, and the maximum velocity/metabolic elimination rate constant (Vmax/km) were significantly reduced after octreotide infusion compared with basal values. Similarly, the hepatic blood flow, hepatic clearance, and Vmax/km were significantly decreased in patients receiving a 250 micrograms bolus and a 250 micrograms/hr infusion of somatostatin. The extraction ratio and the systemic hemodynamic values, including cardiac index, heart rate, mean arterial pressure, and systemic vascular resistance, showed no significant changes in patients receiving either octreotide or somatostatin. These findings suggest that, as with somatostatin, octreotide reduced hepatic blood flow and impaired liver metabolic activity in patients with HBsAg-positive cirrhosis. These effects may have important clinical implications in the management of bleeding esophageal varices in patients with cirrhosis.
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PMID:Octreotide decreased liver metabolic activity in patients with hepatitis B surface antigen-positive cirrhosis. 135 73

The chemically synthesized somatostatin (ss) gene was fused in phase with the 3'-end of hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) gene. The fusion gene HBs/ss was then recombined into the genome of vaccinia virus. This recombinant virus (vv-HBs/ss) can express hybrid HBsAg/ss particles which present as determinants on their surfaces, thereby bearing a good immunogenicity. This new strategical vaccine of ss can elicit the production of antibody capable of neutralizing ss in the plasma, and consequently enhance the growth of animals.
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PMID:A new genetically engineered vaccine for animal growth promotion. 786 23

Somatostatin (SS) and growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) are synthesized and secreted by the hypothalamus, which can control the synthesis and secretion of the growth hormone (GH) from the hypophysis as well as regulate the GH concentrations in animals and humans. In this article, we describe the regulation of animal growth using plasmid DNA encoding both the GHRH gene and the SS gene fused with the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) gene. We constructed a series of expression plasmids to express the GHRH and HBsAg-SS fusion genes individually as well as collectively. The fusion gene and GHRH were successfully expressed in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, as proven by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunoblotting tests. Poly D, L-lactide-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) plasmid-encapsulating microspheres were prepared and injected intramuscularly into the leg skeletal muscles of rabbits. Weight gain/day and the levels of insulinlike growth factor-I (IGF-I), SS, and hepatitis B surface antibody (HBsAb) were monitored. During days 30 postinjection, increase in weight gain/day and IGF- I concentration and decrease in SS were observed in treatment groups. From days 15 to 30 postinjection, the weight gain/day significantly increased (P < 0.05) by 129.13%, 106.8%, and 72.82% relative to the control group in the co-expression GHRH and fusion gene (named P-G-HS), fusion gene (named P-HS), and GHRH (named P-G) groups, respectively. And most importantly, the P-G-HS group showed significant weight gain/day (P < 0.05) relative to the P-G and P-HS groups. A significant increase in the IGF-I concentration and decrease in the SS level relative to the control group were also observed. The results indicated that the combination of plasmid-mediated GHRH supplementation and positive immunization against SS led to more robust weight gain/day in rabbits.
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PMID:Simultaneous expression of growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH) and hepatitis B surface antigen/somatostatin (HBsAg/SS) fusion genes in a construct in the skeletal muscle enhances rabbit weight gain. 1843 1

The aim of current study was to evaluate the prospects of somatostatin DNA vaccine. Two copies of somatostatin (SS) genes were fused with the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) S gene using genetic engineering methods, the identified recombinant plasmid designated as pcS/2SS was transfected into HeLa cells to detect expression and antigenicity of target fusion protein, and its immunoreaction as well as safety was evaluated with animal experiments. The expressed target protein had a specific reaction with somatostatin antibody and showed a single strip result. A single injection of this vector stimulated long-term antigen-specific antibody responses in rats, and peak antibody levels occurred at the 2nd week of the initial injection. Additionally, the 50 microg immunized group resulted in a 13.5% increase in growth rate as compared with control group (111.7 g vs. 98.4 g). The genomic DNA was assayed for integrated plasmid using a sensitive PCR method, and the risk of mutation due to integration of pcS/2SS plasmid following intramuscular injection in mice was negligible. The successful construction of pcS/2SS DNA vaccine with good immunogenicity and safety has prospects to promote growth of animals.
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PMID:Construction and evaluation of the eukaryotic expression plasmid encoding two copies of somatostatin genes fused with hepatitis B surface antigen gene S. 1845 80

In the current work, the fusion gene including somatostatin (SS) and the hepatitis B surface antigen gene was cloned into a balanced lethal system plasmid (pYA3493), and then transformed into asd- attenuated Salmonella choleraesuis C500 strain, the positive transformant without antibiotic resistance gene was confirmed by restriction analysis and DNA sequencing, designated as pYA-SS. The expression and immunogenicity of fusion protein were detected by SDS-PAGE and Western blot analysis. These results show that the recombinant prokaryotic expression plasmid pYA-SS could express the SS fusion protein with good immunogenicity in C500 strain. In above all, this study could provide reliable materials to develop novel, good and safe vaccine in enhancing the growth of animals.
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PMID:[Construction and characterization of a novel somatostatin prokaryotic expression]. 1880 81

The success of cell replacement therapy for diabetes depends on the availability and generation of an adequate number of islets, preferably from an autologous origin. Stem cells are now being probed for the generation of physiologically competent, insulin-producing cells. In this investigation, we explored the potential of adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ASCs) to differentiate into pancreatic hormone-expressing islet-like cell aggregates (ICAs). We initiated ASC culture from epididymal fat pads of Swiss albino mice to obtain mesenchymal cells, murine epididymal (mE)-ASCs. Subsequent single-cell cloning resulted in a homogeneous cell population with a CD29(+)CD44(+)Sca-1(+) surface antigen expression profile. We formulated a 10-day differentiation protocol to generate insulin-expressing ICAs from mE-ASCs by progressively changing the differentiation cocktail on day 1, day 3, and day 5. Our stage-specific approach successfully differentiated mesodermic mE-ASCs into definitive endoderm (cells expressing Sox17, Foxa2, GATA-4, and cytokeratin [CK]-19), then into pancreatic endoderm (cells expressing pancreatic and duodenal homeobox [PDX]-1, Ngn3, NeuroD, Pax4, and glucose transporter 2), and finally into cells expressing pancreatic hormones (insulin, glucagon, somatostatin). Fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis showed that day 5 ICAs contained 64.84% +/- 7.03% PDX-1(+) cells, and in day 10 mature ICAs, 48.17% +/- 3% of cells expressed C-peptide. Day 10 ICAs released C-peptide in a glucose-dependent manner, exhibiting in vitro functionality. Electron microscopy of day 10 ICAs revealed the presence of numerous secretory granules within the cell cytoplasm. Calcium alginate-encapsulated day 10 ICAs (1,000-1,200), when transplanted i.p. into streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice, restored normoglycemia within 2 weeks. The data presented here demonstrate the feasibility of using ASCs as a source of autologous stem cells to differentiate into the pancreatic lineage.
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PMID:Generation of pancreatic hormone-expressing islet-like cell aggregates from murine adipose tissue-derived stem cells. 1954 26

The aim of current study was to evaluate the prospects of adjuvants against DNA vaccination (pES/2SS) encoding somatostatin (SS) and hepatitis B surface antigen fusion gene. A total of 60 female Hu lambs were divided into 6 groups and vaccinated in the context of various adjuvants (and controls): pE-CpG, Escherichia coli DH5alpha DNA, crude liposomes or GM-CSF in combination with the pES/2SS plasmid. Controls included pES/2SS only vaccinated and physiological saline groups. The antibody against SS level in the E. coli DH5alpha DNA group was significantly increased compared to that in the pES/2SS vaccine alone. Vaccination with pES/2SS/pE-CpG or pES/2SS/E. coli DH5alpha resulted in elevated weight gains that were 33.0 and 31.6% higher, respectively, than in saline group and pES/2SS only vaccinated controls. The concentrations of GH and IGF-I in the DNA vaccine groups were remarkably higher than those in the saline group, and those with positive antibody higher than negative antibody. These results suggested that different adjuvant/pES/2SS combinations can enhance the immune effect and had significant positive effects on growth.
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PMID:Effect of genetic adjuvants on immune respondance, growth and hormone levels in somatostatin DNA vaccination-induced Hu lambs. 1999 41