Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UNIPROT:P61278 (somatostatin)
 22,083 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In 9 fetuses, 9 to 24 weeks-old, the occurrence and relative distribution of argentaffin cells, as well as of cells immunoreactive to somatostatin (SRIF), glucagon-like polypeptide (GLI), pancreatic polypeptide (PP) and substance P (SP) were studied in five segments of the colon (appendix, cecum, ascending colon, descending colon, and rectosigmoid). For each colonic segment, data concerned with the occurrence of endocrine cells were expressed either as mean absolute numbers of specific cells per entire mucosal section, or as cell densities per mm3 of mucosa after calculation of the mucosal volume of the sections. Argentaffin, GLI, SRIF and PP immunoreactive cells are all present in relatively large numbers, scattered along the entire length of the colonic mucosa as early as the 9th-10th week of gestation, whereas substance P-containing cells occur sporadically and first appear during the 4th-17th week. Until the 20th week, with progressing embryonic development, an increase was determined in absolute numbers per section of all types of endocrine cells in all segments of the colon. This observation is clearly related to the general growth of the colonic mucosa, since cell densities per mm3 of mucosa do not greatly change or even decrease during gestation. However, it is possible that densities of argentaffin, GLI and BPP cells increase in the appendix around the 14th-17th week of gestation. Between 20th and 24th weeks, absolute numbers of cells per section remain stable or slightly increase, while cell densities tend rather to decrease in all segments. These data demonstrate that some endocrine cells are present very early in the human fetal colon, but their functional significance remains to be elucidated.
 ...
PMID:Ontogeny and distribution of certain oendocrine cells in the human fetal large intestine. Histochemical and immunocytochemical studies. 51 32

The proximal duodenum of eight marsupial species, (koala, common brushtail possum, ring-tailed possum, common wombat, great grey kangaroo, parma wallaby, short-nosed bandicoot and tiger cat) were investigated immunohistochemically using 12 specific antisera for gut hormones. Several types of immunoreactive cells were seen on the intestinal villi and in crypts of these species: 9 types in the koala; 8 types in the common brushtail possum; 7 types in the common wombat; 6 types in the short-nosed bandicoot and 5 types in the ringtailed possum, great grey kangaroo, parma wallaby and tiger cat. Gastrin-, somatostatin-, motilin- and serotonin-immunoreactive cells were seen in all species examined. A few BPP-, enteroglucagon-, CCK-, secretin-, GIP- and neurotensin-immunoreactive cells were seen but only in few species. A few substance P-immunoreactive cells were detected only in the koala. Immunoreactive cells were also seen in Brunner's glands: 5 types in the parma wallaby; 3 types in the great grey kangaroo and tiger cat; 2 types in the koala and common wombat; 1 type in the short-nosed bandicoot. No immunoreactive cells were found in Brunner's glands of the common brushtail possum.
 ...
PMID:An immunohistochemical study of endocrine cells in the proximal duodenum of eight marsupial species. 218 87

The distribution of enteroendocrine cells showing immunoreactivities to four peptides and one amine was examined in the gastric mucosa of the opossum during postnatal development using specific immunocytochemical methods. Gastrin-, BPP-, glucagon-, somatostatin- and 5-HT-immunoreactive cells were identified in the gastric mucosa of the newborn opossum. Gastrin-immunoreactive cells were restricted to the epithelial lining of the pylorus; glucagon-immunoreactive cells were seen only in the epithelium of the fundus. Somatostatin- and 5-HT-immunoreactive cells were found in the epithelium of both fundic and pyloric regions. BPP-immunoreactive cells were the most numerous endocrine cell type seen in the gastric epithelium of the newborn opossum and although found mainly at the confluence of the fundic and pyloric regions, were confined primarily to the fundus in the one week old opossum and all older animals. A marked increase in all five immunoreactive cell types was seen by the end of the first postnatal week. Gastrin-immunoreactive cells were the most numerous at this time and exceeded adult numbers. Both glucagon- and BPP-immunoreactive cells were confined to the fundic glands of older animals and showed the same pattern of decline with age. Somatostatin- and 5-HT-immunoreactive cells showed a shift in population from the fundus to the pylorus with age and together with gastrin-immunoreactive cells were restricted to a narrow zone at the bottoms of the gastric pits and the upper parts of the pyloric glands.
 ...
PMID:Enteroendocrine cells in the developing opossum stomach. 332

The distribution and quantification of enteroendocrine cells exhibiting immunoreactivities to nine peptides and one amine were examined in the gastrointestinal mucosa of the adult opossum using specific immunocytochemical methods. In the stomach, 90% of the enteroendocrine cells are confined to the pyloric glands and this region contained 73% of the gastrin-containing cells, 60% of the somatostatin-containing cells and 9% of cells reactive for 5-HT. Enteroendocrine cells showing immunoreactivities to glucagon, pancreatic polypeptide, somatostatin and 5-HT were observed scattered within the oxyntic glands. Only somatostatin and 5-HT positive cells were found in the cardiac glands. Immunoreactivities to CCK, glucagon, gastrin, BPP, somatostatin, secretin, motilin, neurotensin, GIP and 5-HT were observed in the epithelium of the small intestine. Although considerable variation exists in the distribution of individual enteroendocrine cell types along the intestinal tract, nearly equal numbers of enteroendocrine cells were observed in each segment. The percentage of enteroendocrine cells increases distally in the colon. Of the three enteroendocrine cell types present, somatostatin- and 5-HT-immunoreactive cells are evenly distributed, whereas neurotensin-immunoreactive cells increase in numbers distally, resulting in an increase in total number.
 ...
PMID:Quantitative distribution of enteroendocrine cells in the gastrointestinal tract of the adult opossum, Didelphis virginiana. 407 99

The gastroenteropancreatic (GEP) endocrine cells of the sheep were studied immunocytochemically and their distribution and frequency were determined. Eleven types of endocrine cells were revealed. In the abomasum, somatostatin-, gastrin-, glucagon- and glicentin-immunoreactive cells were detected with the highest frequency in the pyloric region. In the small intestine, somatostatin-, gastrin-, CCK-, motilin-, neurotensin-, secretin-, substance P-, glucagon-, glicentin- and BPP-immunoreactive cells were found and were most numerous in the duodenum except for neurotensin-, glucagon- and glicentin-immunoreactive cells which were more concentrated in the ileum. In the large intestine, somatostatin-, substance P-, glucagon-, glicentin- and BPP-immunoreactive cells were localized with the last three cell types being more concentrated in the rectum. In the pancreas, somatostatin-, glucagon-, glicentin-, BPP- and insulin-immunoreactive cells predominated within the islets and were also scattered in the exocrine portion and rarely detected in duct epithelial cells. The differences between the distribution and frequency of the GEP endocrine cells of the sheep and those of monogastric species are discussed.
 ...
PMID:Immunocytochemical study of the gastroenteropancreatic endocrine cells of the sheep. 638 Jan 88

Endocrine cells are normal inhabitants of the anal canal. While numerous endocrine cells are distributed throughout anal ducts and crypts, few are dispersed in the anal transitional zone. All these cells were characterized as serotonin-storing cells, and this endocrine profile is quite distinctive from that of adjacent mucosae. Rectal epithelium contains serotonin, somatostatin, enteroglucagon, BPP and HPP immunoreactive cells; endocrine cells are lacking in the pectinal folds and perianal skin. It is suggested that this distinctive hormonal profile may be regarded as a specific marker of this anal territory. The same pattern is found in the fetal transitional lining of anal canal. Evidence of serotonin-storing cells in the transitional epithelium of anal glands and crypts and in the ATZ epithelium, reinforces the homology between these linings and urothelium. The presence of a similar fetal epithelium implies that ATZ epithelium in adults is not necessarily metaplastic. All derivatives of the cloaca may therefore share the same endocrine profile.
 ...
PMID:Endocrine cells in the anal canal. 643 47

The regional distribution and relative frequency of endocrine cells in the alimentary tract of the red-eared slider, Trachemys scripta elegans, were investigated by immunohistochemical methods using 10 antisera. Most of the immunoreactive cells in the intestine were spherical or spindle-like in shape (open-type cells), while round cells (closed-type cells) were occasionally found in the stomach. These immunoreactive cells were located in the basal portion of the intestine, including the oesophagus, and in the gastric glands of the stomach. Cg A-immunoreactive cells were restricted to the pylorus and duodenum and were few in number. Serotonin-immunoreactive cells, which were most commonly found in the pylorus, were found in the epithelia throughout the alimentary tract at various frequencies. Gastrin-immunoreactive cells were found in the pylorus, duodenum and jejunum at moderate, low and very low frequencies, respectively. Somatostatin-immunoreactive cells were found throughout the alimentary tract except for the rectum, at various frequencies. Glucagon-immunoreactive cells were detected in the fundus, pylorus, jejunum and ileum at low or very low frequencies. CCK-8-immunoreactive cells were found in the pylorus, fundus and duodenum at very low, low and moderate frequencies, respectively. Bombesin-immunoreactive cells were restricted to the fundus and pylorus at low frequencies. No secretin-, BPP- or VIP-immunoreactive cells were found in this study.
 ...
PMID:An immunohistochemical study on the endocrine cells in the alimentary tract of the red-eared slider (Trachemys scripta elegans). 1128 61

The distribution and relative frequency of six kinds of endocrine cells in the stomach of the Malayan pangolin, Manis javanica were studied immunohistochemically using the avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex method. The stomach of the pangolin has three regions of mucous gland, one oxyntic gland and one pyloric gland. Cells immunoreactive for chromogranin, serotonin, somatostatin, BPP and glucagon were detected in all of the gastric glands, while gastrin-immunoreactive cells were found in the entire gastric gland except for the oxyntic gland. The distribution pattern of endocrine cells in the mucous gland and pyloric gland was mainly from the middle to apical portions of the glands. The endocrine cells were rare or not detected in the basal portion of all of the mucous glands and pyloric gland, but they were also found in the basal portion of the oxyntic gland. The distribution pattern of the endocrine cells in the mucous and pyloric glands suggested that this position facilitates a quick response to the luminal ingesta. The wide distribution of gastrin-immunoreactive cells in all of the mucous glands and pyloric gland was the most remarkable finding. This distribution suggests a major function of gastrin-immunoreactive cells for the digestive process in the Malayan pangolin stomach.
 ...
PMID:Immunohistochemical study on the distribution and relative frequency of endocrine cells in the stomach of the Malayan Pangolin, Manis javanica. 1628 8

The aim of this work was to study in vivo the effect of ingestion of phosphopeptides (PP) alone or associated with caseinomacropeptide (CMP) on gastric secretion and to elucidate some possible mechanisms involved. Seven calves fitted with a gastric pouch received either a diet based on whey proteins without PP and CMP (C diet) or C diet in which PP or PP+CMP was introduced at concentrations similar to that of PP or PP+CMP in cow milk (PP diet and PP+CMP diet, respectively). Gastric juice secretion was measured during successive periods throughout the day. Twenty-four calves were fitted with a catheter introduced in one external jugular vein for blood sample collections. The daily secretion of electrolytes decreased with the presence of PP or PP+CMP in the diet. During the day, peptide supplementation in the diet resulted in (1) short term (1st-2nd postprandial h), a decrease of secreted quantities of gastric juice, enzymes and electrolytes, (2) long term (7-24h after the morning meal), a decrease of electrolyte secretions. Intervention of gastrin, CCK, somatostatin and BPP could be probable. Globally, inhibition of gastric secretions seemed more important when PP was given in association with CMP in the diet rather than alone. CMP and PP may have short and long term action respectively over the 24h day. To our knowledge, it is the first time that phosphopeptides coming from milk casein digestion are demonstrated to inhibit gastric secretion. Therapeutic uses are suggested.
 ...
PMID:A new role of phosphopeptides as bioactive peptides released during milk casein digestion in the young mammal: regulation of gastric secretion. 1974 34