Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P61278 (somatostatin)
 22,083 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) comprise a heterogenous group of neoplasms with variable clinical expression and progression. The primary tumors most frequently occur in the lungs, intestine and the pancreas. The NET incidence is approximately 6.1/100,000 per year with a prevalence higher than 35/100,000 per year. A NET may be functioning with symptoms related to hormone overproduction or non-functioning, not presenting any hormone-related symptoms. From the early 1980s and onwards, Uppsala University Hospital has contributed significantly to diagnosis, just to mention immunohistochemistry, radio-immunoassays for hormones and peptides and molecular imaging. On the therapeutic side, treatments with cytotoxics as well as biologicals such as, somatostatin analogs and interferons have been evaluated. We have furthermore been involved in important phase III trials for registration of so called, new targeted agents such as, RADIANT-3 and RADIANT-2. Our group were also the first to localize the gene for MEN I on chromosome 11 locus q13. Most recent developments have been the establishments of new biomarkers such as, olfactory receptor E51E1 as well as micro-RNAs in carcinoid tumors of the intestine and lung. A new oncolytic virus, Ad-Vince, for treatment of most NETs has been developed and is ready for the clinic. Furthermore, we have been involved in establishing Nordic and international collaborations. Today, NETs is an area with rapid development and recognized by international organizations at conferences, with large attendance. The Nordic countries continue to be significant contributors to the field.
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PMID:Neuroendocrine gastro-enteropancreatic tumors - from eminence based to evidence-based medicine - A Scandinavian view. 2645 36

Forty-two duodenal and 3 upper jejunum tumors from 44 patients were investigated. All tumors were tested immunohistochemically for gastroenteropancreatic hormones and general endocrine cell markers. Twenty-eight of the 45 tumors (62%) proved to be gastrin cell tumors, with (12 cases) or without (16 cases) associated Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. Zollinger-Ellison syndrome was part of type 1 multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome in 3 cases. Twenty-three of the 28 gastrin cell tumors (82%) were from proximal duodenum, 2 were from the second part of the duodenum, and 3 were from the upper jejunum. Seven cases were somatostatin cell tumors, 6 of which were from the ampullary region; 5 cases were associated with biliary tract disease and 2 with associated cutaneous neurofibromatosis. Four ganglioneuromatous paragangliomas, from the ampullary region or nearby duodenum, showed somatostatin cells, coupled with pancreatic polypeptide cells in 2 cases. Two serotonin-producing argentaffin carcinoids were also identified. In addition to the main cell type, 30 tumors showed one or more, usually minor, cell populations producing somatostatin, serotonin, cholecystokinin, pancreatic polypeptide, insulin, neurotensin, or the alpha chain of human chorionic gonadotropin. Only 3 tumors lacked hormone immunoreactivity. Some correlation has been noted between histological structure and hormone content of tumor cells, with prevalence of broad gyriform trabeculae and vascular pseudorosettes among gastrin cell tumors, tubuloacinar patterns among somatostatin cell tumors, thin parallel trabeculae among PP cell growths, and a solid nest pattern among argentaffin carcinoids. Deep infiltration of the intestinal wall was observed in 22 tumors, 6 of which also had metastases to local lymph nodes. All metastatic cases were among ZES tumors or ampullary somatostatin cell tumors. Ganglioneuromatous paragangliomas and nonfunctioning gastrin cell tumors had essentially benign behavior, even when involving deep strata of the intestinal wall. Post operative follow-up study of 36 cases, including all metastatic tumors, showed no evidence of tumor-related death or progressive tumor disease.
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PMID:Histopathology, hormone products, and clinicopathological profile of endocrine tumors of the upper small intestine: A study of 44 cases. 3213 93


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