Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P61278 (somatostatin)
 22,083 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The presence of immunoreactivity to the neuronal phosphoprotein B-50 and the peptides bombesin, calcitonin gene-related peptide, galanin, neurotensin, neuropeptide Y, somatostatin, substance P, and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide was examined in biopsy specimens from the duodenum and rectum of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-seropositive and HIV-seronegative male homosexual patients. The distribution of B-50 and the peptides was correlated with HIV serology, number of CD4+ lymphocytes, and the presence of HIV in biopsy culture. There was a very low incidence of enteric pathogens in both groups of patients. It was found that HIV-seropositive patients had a greater incidence of abnormal patterns of immunoreactivity (reduced intensity and/or density of innervation) in enteric nerves and enteroendocrine cells than HIV-seronegative patients. A reduction of substance P immunoreactivity was significantly correlated with reduced CD4+ lymphocyte count and HIV status; a similar trend was also seen for somatostatin and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide. Using B-50 as a marker, it was found that both groups of patients had altered patterns of immunoreactivity in rectal nerves. The findings of this study suggest that some of the clinical symptoms associated with HIV infection may be caused by a specific HIV enteropathy that influences enteric nerve and/or enteroendocrine cell function by altering the density of peptide immunoreactivity.
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PMID:Peptides in the gastrointestinal tract in human immunodeficiency virus infection. The GI/HIV Study Group of the University of Calgary. 153 25

The addition of somatostatin to hippocampal synaptic plasma membrane (SPM) preparations in vitro decreased subsequent phosphorylation of specific protein bands. 10(-4)M somatostatin inhibited the phosphorylation of protein bands with apparent molecular weights between 10 000 and 20 000 daltons and, to a lesser extent, 48 000 daltons (B-50) and 52 000. Increasingly greater degrees of inhibition were seen in response to somatostatin-28 and [D-Trp8]somatostatin. Inhibition of B-50 protein phosphorylation in the presence of [D-Trp8]somatostatin was most prominent in SPM preparations from the hippocampus and amygdala, with lesser degrees of inhibition seen in the cortex and hypothalamus. Addition of [D-Trp8]somatostatin to an ammonium sulfate-precipitated fraction (ASP 55-80) from cortex only slightly inhibited endogenous B-50 phosphorylation. The injection of [D-Trp8] somatostatin intracerebroventricularly into rats did not induce excessive grooming behavior but resulted in barrel rotation. These results suggest that somatostatin and congeners affect SPM protein phosphorylation in a manner different from that of ACTH, presumably involving membrane sites that bind somatostatin.
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PMID:Somatostatin and analogs inhibit endogenous synaptic plasma membrane protein phosphorylation in vitro. 613 68

The distributions of peptide-immunoreactive nerve fibres and cell bodies in lumbosacral paravertebral sympathetic ganglia of young cats were analysed with antibodies to calcitonin gene-related peptide, enkephalin, neurotensin, somatostatin, substance P, galanin, neuropeptide Y and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide. Fairly dense networks of nerve fibres showing enkephalin-, neurotensin-, somatostatin- or substance P-like immunoreactivity were observed in the ganglia. Double-staining experiments revealed that enkephalin- and somatostatin-immunoreactive nerve fibres preferentially surrounded calcitonin gene-related peptide- and/or vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-immunoreactive cell bodies. Neurotensin- and substance P-immunoreactive nerve fibres were mainly associated with neurons showing neuropeptide Y and/or galanin-like immunoreactivity. Occasional nerves containing calcitonin gene-related peptide-, galanin-, neuropeptide Y- or vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-like immunoreactivity were observed. These fibres did not seem to have any direct regional distribution within the ganglia. In kittens surviving for three months after early postnatal sciatic nerve resection, no calcitonin gene-related peptide-immunoreactive cell bodies could be detected in ganglia ipsilateral to the operation. In contrast, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-like immunoreactivity, which partly co-exists with calcitonin gene-related peptide, was observed to the same extent as in control ganglia. Furthermore, almost all of the somatostatin-immunoreactive varicose nerve fibres had disappeared, whereas a fairly dense network of calcitonin gene-related peptide-immunoreactive nerve fibres could be observed. This change was paralleled by an increased content of nerve fibres that were immunoreactive to antibodies against the growth-associated protein GAP-43 (also known as B-50). The present findings suggest that experimental perturbations where postganglionic neurons are separated from their target areas by axotomy, not only induce differential changes in neurotransmitter expression in the principal ganglion cells, but also in preganglionic sympathetic neurons projecting to the ganglia. One possible explanation for the occurrence of an axotomy-induced network of calcitonin gene-related peptide-immunoreactive nerve fibres, is that extrinsic sensory nerve fibres grow into the ganglia after the sciatic nerve lesion. Thus, these findings seem to suggest one additional possibility with regard to the question of a possible interaction between sympathetic and sensory neurons after peripheral nerve injury.
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PMID:Peptide-immunoreactive neurons and nerve fibres in lumbosacral sympathetic ganglia: selective elimination of a pathway-specific expression of immunoreactivities following sciatic nerve resection in kittens. 769 Sep 13