Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P61278 (somatostatin)
 22,083 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Seventeen patients (8 women and 9 men) resistant to all other forms of therapy were treated with the somatostatin analogue SMS 201-995 (octreotide, Sandostatin). The duration of treatment ranged from 1 to 5 years. Mean GH levels of only 4 patients were suppressed under 5 micrograms/L during an 8 h serum profile with the standard dose of 0.1 mg 2 or 3 times daily. This standard dose suppressed mean GH levels in 10 other patients more than 50% of baseline, but for optimal effect higher doses up to 1.5 mg, 4 daily injections or continuous subcutaneous infusion (CSI) were needed. Octreotide had no influence on GH secretion in 3 patients. Suppression of mean GH levels under 5 micrograms/L was achieved in 10 patients. Normalization of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) occurred in only 5 patients. Altogether, therapy with SMS 201-995 reduced GH levels from 23.8 +/- 32.2 micrograms/L (mean +/- SD) to 6.7 +/- 5.0 micrograms/L by 71.8% and IGF-I levels from 7.9 +/- 3.1 U/ml to 3.2 +/- 1.6 U/ml by 59.5%. We conclude that 1) treatment with SMS 201-995 in patients resistant to other forms of therapy may be less successful than previously reported for heterogenous groups of patients; 2) the dose regimen must be adapted to the individual patient for optimal effect and most of our patients needed higher doses than 300 micrograms daily; 3) 4 or maybe more daily injections or CSI seem to be most effective; and 4) in a minority of patients SMS has no influence on GH-secretion.
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PMID:Long-term treatment with SMS 201-995 in resistant acromegaly: effectiveness of high doses and continuous subcutaneous infusion. 190 81

Idiopathic orthostatic hypotension (IOH) represents a degenerative disorder of the peripheral nervous system characterized by low values of arterial blood pressure during orthostatism, with reduction in serum catecholamines. Since treatment of symptomatic IOH has been unsatisfactory till now, we studied the hemodynamic response to somatostatin (S) (Octreotide, 100 micrograms sc) at rest (R) and during sympathetic activation (tilting, T) by means of 2D and/or color Doppler echocardiography, in 5 ambulatory IOH patients (4M, 1F; aged 65 +/- 5 years), with simultaneous recording of blood pressure and heart rate. Post-S, an increased blood pressure was evident during T without heart rate modifications (pre- vs post-S, SAP: 92 +/- 9 vs 148 +/- 12; DAP: 61 +/- 4 vs 90 +/- 9 mmHg; p less than 0.05), while systolic echo parameters did not change significantly. Doppler aortic velocity curve showed during T a reduction of Vmax (pre- vs post-S: 0.98 +/- 0.09 vs 0.73 +/- 0.03 m/s; p less than 0.05) and of cardiac output, due to unchanged preload. Pre-S, at rest, Doppler mitral velocity curve presented a normal E/A ratio as in normal subjects, with a reduced E peak and an increased A peak post-S, indirect signs of increased afterload. Pre-S, E and A peak velocities underwent progressive decrease during T, markedly more evident post-S. Total peripheral resistance, at rest and during T, increased post-S too (pre- vs post-S, rest: 2406 +/- 267 vs 3162 +/- 599; T: 1634 +/- 201 vs 2784 +/- 425 dyne*s/cm-5; p less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Hemodynamic response to somatostatin at rest and during sympathetic activation in idiopathic orthostatic hypotension]. 191 13

Octreotide is a long-acting analogue of somatostatin which has been FDA approved for symptomatic carcinoid syndrome and for vasoactive intestinal peptide-producing tumors. Somatostatin and octreotide have significant effects on gastrointestinal physiology which may be beneficial for a variety of disorders. This paper will review the currently available literature on the use of somatostatin and octreotide in non-neoplastic disorders of the gastrointestinal tract.
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PMID:Potential gastrointestinal uses of somatostain and its synthetic analogue octreotide. 197 56

Somatostatin and its longer-acting analog, octreotide acetate, can be used effectively for the treatment of nonendocrine gastrointestinal disorders. Octreotide has been shown to decrease pancreatic fistula output by suppressing exocrine pancreatic function. We believe that octreotide acetate may be useful to prophylaxis against the development of pancreatic fistulas following pancreatic resection and may reduce the enzymatic and volume output of established pancreatic fistulas. We also have shown that administration of octreotide acetate 2 hours before a high carbohydrate test meal reduces gut peptide levels, which increase following meal ingestion in patients with the dumping syndrome. Reduction of circulating peptides in these patients may slow gut motility and improve glucose regulation, thus, providing relief of postvagotomy dumping symptoms.
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PMID:Treatment of nonendocrine gastrointestinal disorders with octreotide acetate. 197 12

Three patients with symptomatic metastatic medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC), one with sporadic form and two with MEN IIa, were treated with the long-acting somatostatin analogue octreotide (SMS 201-995, Sandoz) for 3 to 17 months. Octreotide was administered subcutaneously in a starting dose of 0.6 to 1.0 mg/day by automatic pump (Travax ASH6, Travenol). Symptoms of diarrhoea, weight loss and malaise improved in all patients. Maximal percentage decrease in mean serum calcitonin was 47, 52 and 81% of the basal values, and was observed 1-3 months from the beginning of treatment. Likewise, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels initially dropped to 45, 60 and 63% of the levels before therapy. A continuing effect was seen in the two patients with MEN IIa after 15 and 17 months of treatment. However, after the initial decrease, calcitonin (CT) levels went up again to 67 and 68% of the basal values and the dose of octreotide had to be increased to 1.5 mg and 2.0 mg/day. CEA also returned to 84 and 105% of the pretreatment titres. Response to 1.5 mg/day octreotide was lost in the patient with the sporadic form of disease after 3 months. Side-effects were minimal. Effects on tumour size could not be evaluated. These suggest that octreotide might be a valuable adjuvant in the long-term management of metastatic MTC. Tachyphylaxis may occur.
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PMID:Long-term treatment of metastatic medullary thyroid carcinoma with the somatostatin analogue octreotide. 197 36

Food intake results in a variety of responses, with the autonomic nervous system playing an important role in maintaining cardiovascular homeostasis. In patients with autonomic failure, who have severe sympathetic impairment, food substantially lowers blood pressure even in the supine position. This is related to a marked increase in splanchnic blood flow, without compensatory changes in the rest of the circulation. Of the food components, glucose causes similar effects to food, while an isosmotic, isocaloric load of the inert carbohydrate, xylose, causes only a small fall in blood pressure. Lipid causes a small, short-lived fall in blood pressure and protein causes minimal change. Insulin appears to contribute to the fall in blood pressure, as bolus injections of insulin (even before ensuing hypoglycaemia), or insulin infusions (with an euglycaemic clamp), when given intravenously lower blood pressure. Other vasodilatatory gut peptides released by food may also play a role. The somatostatin analogue, Octreotide (SMS 201-995), which inhibits the release of a range of peptides, prevents both glucose and food-induced hypotension. Studies of the mechanisms responsible for post-prandial hypotension in autonomic failure continue to provide insight into the relationship between food intake and the hormonal, peptidergic and neural responses which affect the cardiovascular system.
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PMID:Effect of food intake on cardiovascular control in patients with impaired autonomic function. 197 48

Long-term administration of the somatostatin analogue, octreotide, is complicated by gallstone formation. Somatostatin is known to inhibit hepatic bile secretion and gallbladder emptying. However, the effect of octreotide on gallbladder bile composition remains unknown. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that octretide would alter hepatic bile composition and cause gallbladder stasis, thereby increasing gallbladder bile solute concentrations. Fourteen control prairie dogs received daily saline injections, whereas 10 animals received 1 micrograms of octreotide subcutaneously three times per day for 5 days. Cholecystectomy and common bile duct cannulation were then performed. Octreotide increased hepatic bile concentrations of bilirubin monoglucuronide (p less than 0.05), total bilirubin (p less than 0.05), and total protein (p less than 0.01). Rsa, an index of gallbladder stasis, was decreased (p less than 0.01) in the octreotide group. Gallbladder bile total calcium (p less than 0.05), bilirubin monoglucuronide (p less than 0.05), total bilirubin (p less than 0.01), total protein (p less than 0.05), and total lipids (p less than 0.05) were increased in the octreotide group. Animals receiving octreotide also had decreased hepatic (p less than 0.05) and gallbladder (p less than 0.001) bile pH. No differences in cholesterol saturation index were observed. These data suggest that in the prairie dog, octreotide (1) alters hepatic bile composition, (2) causes gallbladder stasis, and (3) increases gallbladder bile calcium, bilirubin, protein, lipid, and hydrogen ion concentrations. We conclude that octreotide causes alterations in gallbladder bile composition that increase the likelihood of cholesterol and calcium bilirubinate precipitation.
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PMID:Why does somatostatin cause gallstones? 198 53

The long-acting somatostatin agonist octreotide can control TSH hypersecretion from most thyrotropic adenomas. Octreotide therapy has even been shown to improve chiasmal dysfunction. We report another patient in whom octreotide therapy was associated with gradual suppression of TSH hypersecretion, which escaped partially, dramatic and very rapid and sustained improvement of chiasm compression, and dramatic and sustained shrinkage of an unresectable TSH-secreting pituitary tumour. Unusual and prolonged gastrointestinal adverse reactions eventually disappeared except for steatorrhea. In conclusion, octreotide may be considered as first line treatment in patients with unresectable thyrotropic adenomas.
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PMID:Shrinkage of a primary thyrotropin-secreting pituitary adenoma treated with the long-acting somatostatin analogue octreotide (SMS 201-995). 203 45

Octreotide (SMS 201-995) is a long-acting somatostatin analogue that inhibits both basal and secretin-cholecystokinin-stimulated pancreatic secretion. This study assesses the effect of this compound on pancreatic secretion induced by ordinary meals. Three patients with stable secretion of pure pancreatic juice from high output pancreatic fistula were studied. In all three, meal ingestion caused a marked and prolonged increase in pancreatic juice flow, and in bicarbonate and protein output. The subcutaneous injection of 50 micrograms octreotide before meals almost totally prevented (by about 90%) this increase. The inhibitory effect of octreotide on postprandial pancreatic secretion appeared soon, and persisted for the duration of the study period (8 h).
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PMID:Effect of octreotide (SMS 201-995) on meal-stimulated pancreatic secretion in three patients with external pancreatic fistula. 205 34

Octreotide (Sandostatin), a potent and long-acting octapeptide analogue of somatostatin, exhibits variable metabolic effects in type 1 diabetes. We have postulated that interindividual variability in octreotide metabolism could be responsible in part for the differences in metabolic responses reported in previous clinical studies. To this end, we determined plasma levels and MCR of octreotide during 24-hour continuous SC infusion (low dose, 200 micrograms; high dose, 400 micrograms) in nine female, C peptide-negative patients with type 1 diabetes. The metabolic effects of the analogue were assessed by measuring serum glucose, free insulin, glucagon, GH, and PP levels before and at 1- to 2-hour intervals during each dose of the analogue or control (0.9% saline solution) infusion in a single-blind randomized manner. Mean daytime (0800-0000 hours) and bedtime (0000-0800 hours) serum glucose levels decreased significantly (p less than 0.05 to 0.02) during analogue therapy compared with control. Mean serum free insulin levels were significantly (p less than 0.02) greater during octreotide infusion compared with control, despite the similar daily insulin requirements. Both doses of the analogue effectively suppressed 24-hour GH by 50%, glucagon by 50%, and PP by 80%. Steady-state octreotide levels varied considerably among patients (low, mean +/- SEM), 1000 +/- 101, range 638 to 1375 pg/ml; high, mean 1940 +/- 147, range 1032 to 2462 pg/ml). Although mean MCR values were similar with both doses, we observed greater interindividual variability (low, mean 2.45 +/- 0.30, range 1.31 to 3.78 ml/kg/min; high, mean 2.36 +/- 0.19, range 1.68 to 3.48 ml/kg/min).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Continuous subcutaneous octreotide infusion: dose-response relationships between metabolic effects and octreotide clearance in patients with insulin-dependent (type 1) diabetes. 206 44


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