Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P61278 (somatostatin)
 22,083 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Sleep patterns were recorded in aged rats (800- to 840-day-old) under control conditions and following either intraperitoneal injections of three different doses of the octapeptide somatostatin analogue SMS 201-995 (SMS) or after spontaneous oral intake of SMS-containing water (0.003 mg/ml). The intraperitoneal administration of SMS resulted in a dose-dependent and selective increase of paradoxical sleep (SP). Similarly, the spontaneous oral ingestion of SMS induced a significant increase of the daily duration of PS. Slow wave sleep remained unchanged in both cases. These findings confirm previous results demonstrating a role of somatostatin in the generation of PS. In addition, they suggest that sleep deficits during aging may be the consequence of decreased age-related somatostatin release.
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PMID:The somatostatin analogue SMS 201-995 promotes paradoxical sleep in aged rats. 281 96

This study was designed to test the effects of pentagastrin and epidermal growth factor (EGF) on stress-induced ulceration and on the antral content of gastrin and somatostatin (SLI) in rats. Four groups of 14 to 15 rats had been prepared for 7 days by one of the following methods: saline injection (control); injection of pentagastrin (250 micrograms/kg, 3 times/day); injection of EGF (10 micrograms/kg, 3 times/day); or injection of EGF plus pentagastrin. At the end of the treatment period, half of each group of rats were sacrificed (nonstress group). There were no ulcers in the nonstress control groups of rats. Stress was applied by water immersion in the remaining half of the rats. The injections of pentagastrin and/or EGF resulted in substantial increase in antral content of SLI. After 20 hours of stress, the ulcer index was 40.5 +/- 3.3 in the controls, compared to 6.4 +/- 1.2 and 16.2 +/- 2.3 in rats that received pentagastrin or EGF, respectively. Injections of both pentagastrin and EGF resulted in an ulcer index of 26.2 +/- 2.0, which was significantly lower than that in controls, but higher than that in rats treated with either peptide alone. The stress resulted in significant decrease in antral SLI in all groups of rats, whereas SLI content in rats treated with pentagastrin and/or EGF remained significantly higher than that of controls. Antral content of gastrin did not differ significantly in the four groups tested. The ulcer index was inversely correlated with antral SLI content. We confirm and extend previous observations that pentagastrin and EGF prevent stress ulcer formation, and suggest that endogenous SLI may account, at least in part, for their antiulcer activity.
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PMID:Cytoprotective effect of pentagastrin and epidermal growth factor on stress ulcer formation. Possible role of somatostatin. 285 83

Somatostatin produces a modest water diuresis in dogs by inhibiting the renal tubular action of ADH. SMS 201-995, an octapeptide analogue of somatostatin, is more potent and longer-acting than the native hormone, and possesses greater specificity in the inhibition of growth hormone secretion. In the present study we tested the ability of the analogue to produce urinary dilution following infusion (0.12 to 0.50 micrograms/min) into the left renal artery. Infusion in this dose range increased urine flow from 0.20 to 0.55 mL/min (P less than 0.05) and caused a 49% to 56% reduction in urine osmolarity. We conclude that SMS 201-995 is effective in causing a water diuresis in dogs and at smaller doses than required for the native hormone.
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PMID:Effect of a selective octapeptide analogue of somatostatin on renal water excretion in the dog. 285 12

The effect of a synthetic somatostatin analog was studied in a patient with severe secretory diarrhea due to pancreatic cholera syndrome. Basal intestinal perfusion studies indicated an absence of water and sodium absorption, and active chloride secretion in the small bowel. Intravenous administration of the somatostatin analog (1 microgram/kg.h) changed zero net water movement to absorption (122 mL/30 cm of the jejunum per hour). Chloride secretion changed to absorption (5.0 to 7.9 meq/30 cm.h), and plasma vasoactive intestinal polypeptide concentration was reduced from 330 to 45 pmol/L (normal, less than 51). When the analog was given subcutaneously, 100 micrograms twice daily, stool weight decreased, and plasma vasoactive intestinal polypeptide concentration fell toward the normal range (67 pmol/L). Plasma concentration of pancreatic polypeptide was initially elevated and dropped during intravenous infusion of somatostatin analog but returned to baseline on maintenance therapy with the analog delivered subcutaneously. The patient has not had further diarrhea during 9 months of therapy.
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PMID:Pancreatic cholera syndrome: effect of a synthetic somatostatin analog on intestinal water and ion transport. 286 21

The conformations of a cyclic analogue of somatostatin, SMS 201-995, have been studied by n.m.r. spectroscopy at 500 MHz in aqueous solution. Assignments were made by use of 2D-correlated methods, especially by detecting long-range connectivities in order to identify the aromic amino-acid and long-range couplings between alpha protons of consecutive residues. Measurements of temperature coefficients of amide protons and of NH-C alpha H coupling constants enabled us to conclude that in water the molecule is rather flexible, with no evidence for a beta turn structure involving Thr6. An equilibrium involving two gamma turn conformations stabilized respectively by Cys2-D-Trp4 and Phe3-Lys5 hydrogen bonds, is responsible for the large upfield shift observed for the Lys5 gamma protons and is compatible with the measured JNH-C alpha H coupling constants.
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PMID:SMS 201-995, a very potent analogue of somatostatin. Assignment of the 1H 500 MHz n.m.r. spectra and conformational analysis in aqueous solution. 286 29

Somatostatin is present throughout the intestine, both in D cells at the luminal surface and in neural elements. It inhibits the release or action of many gut hormones known to regulate gastro-intestinal function and undoubtedly has a wide range of actions. In the intestine, available information indicates that somatostatin may have an important regulatory role for water and electrolyte absorption and secretion. The peptide affects both the epithelial transport function and the intestinal motility function. The outcome associated with administration of somatostatin is inhibition of water and electrolyte secretion. Somatostatin has been shown to effectively reduce stool output in diarrheal syndromes associated with endocrine tumor and other conditions. Clinical application of somatostatin in diarrhea still awaits development of an orally active and/or gut-specific analog. Some preliminary results indicate that this may be possible in the future.
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PMID:Intestinal somatostatin function. 286 47

The effect of three concentrations of high-methoxy apple pectin (5, 10, and 15 g), on solid-liquid meal digestion was studied in 12 healthy men by the gastrointestinal intubation technique. The gastric emptying of water and carbohydrates is significantly reduced only after 10 and 15 g pectin. The changes in gastric pH are similar for pectin-free and pectin-containing meals. Cumulative lipase and trypsin outputs are not significantly different with and without pectin. When gastric uronic acid concentration is above 6 g/l, the duodenal absorption of carbohydrates is significantly reduced (p less than 0.001). The mean blood glucose levels with 10 and 15 g pectin are significantly higher than the control values at 180 min (p less than 0.05). Pectin does not modify serum concentrations of secretin, cholecystokinin (CCK), vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP), and somatostatin but serum motilin and gastrin levels are below the control values after high fiber meal.
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PMID:Effect of increased amounts of pectin on a solid-liquid meal digestion in healthy man. 286 75

Intravenous infusion of somatostatin in six water loaded normal human subjects produced a prompt reduction in urine flow accompanied by a rise in urine osmolality and a decrease in free water clearance. Plasma AVP levels did not change. Somatostatin would seem to exert an antidiuretic effect directly on the kidney.
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PMID:Somatostatin and water excretion in man: an intrarenal action. 286 21

To investigate the mechanisms of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and benzodiazepine-induced growth hormone (GH) release, we studied the effects of GABA and a water-soluble benzodiazepine, midazolam, on basal immunoreactive somatostatin secretion from fetal rat brain in dispersed cell culture. Both GABA and midazolam in concentrations of 10(-5) or 10(-6) M inhibited basal somatostatin secretion from either diencephalic or cerebral neurons in culture. Midazolam (10(-5) M) produced a 33.2 +/- 8.6% suppression (P = 0.004) and 10(-5) M GABA produced a 46.0 +/- 4.3% suppression (P = 0.0003) in the diencephalon cultures. When GABA and midazolam were used in combination over the 10(-5)-10(-9) M range, the drugs were shown to act independently (positive main effect, P less than 0.0001 for either drug by two-way analysis of variance); there was a simple additive effect with no statistically significant interaction between the two drugs over the 36 combinations tested. These results suggest that suppression of the GH inhibitory peptide, somatostatin, may be one of the mechanisms by which GABA and benzodiazepines stimulate GH secretion. Based on previous studies of GABA and benzodiazepine receptors, it appears likely that these drugs produce this inhibitory effect by interacting with unassociated lower affinity receptors which require micromolar concentrations of the drugs, and act through calcium-dependent pathways.
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PMID:Influence of a benzodiazepine, midazolam, and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) on basal somatostatin secretion from cerebral and diencephalic neurons in dispersed cell culture. 286 16

Proctocolectomy (PC) with small bowel resection may lead to profuse ileostomy diarrhoea which can be difficult to treat. The effect of a recently developed long acting somatostatin analogue (SMS 201-995) on ileostomy output was investigated in 5 patients who had undergone PC and ileal resection (median 120 cm) and who suffered severe diarrhoea (4-7 litres/24 h). Gastric emptying, transit of a standard meal through the small bowel and the amounts of nutrients excreted were simultaneously determined during double blind infusion of SMS (25 micrograms/h) and placebo (isotonic saline 125 ml/h). SMS 201-995 significantly reduced ileostomy output (P less than 0.05) and water excretion (P less than 0.05) and prolonged small bowel transit time (P less than 0.05). Whilst having little effect on gastric emptying, or on the excretion of glucose or nitrogen, fat excretion was significantly increased (P less than 0.05). In two patients subcutaneous administration of SMS 201-995 (50 micrograms b.d.) has maintained a reduced ileostomy output for 4 and 6 months respectively.
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PMID:Effects of a long-acting somatostatin analogue in patients with severe ileostomy diarrhoea. 286 71


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