Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P61278 (somatostatin)
 22,083 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Although abdominal complaints are frequent in both acute and chronic alcoholism, little is known of the effect of ingestion of ethanol with a meal on the function of the upper digestive tract. We have studied the effects of oral ethanol (1 g/kg body wt) taken with food on the gastric emptying rate of a solid-liquid meal as measured by a dual radioisotope technique in six normal subjects; and the gastric response (emptying and secretion), biliopancreatic secretions, and duodenal nutrient absorption after an homogenized meal, as evaluated by a gastroduodenal intubation-marker perfusion technique on seven healthy volunteers. In the latter experiments, radioimmunoassays of gastrin, secretin, cholecystokinin, pancreatic polypeptide, motilin, somatostatin, gastric inhibitory polypeptide, and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide were performed serially. As compared with the control experiment, alcohol induced the following effects: marked delay of gastric emptying of solids, smaller slowing effect on gastric emptying of the liquid phase of the solid-liquid meal and of the homogenized meal; no significant change in gastric acid secretion; no change in the overall postprandial pancreatic enzyme outputs, but a delay of lipase secretion; no change in the early bile salt postprandial output, but a reduced bile salt secretion from the second postprandial hour onwards; no significant change in carbohydrate and lipid duodenal absorption; and a significantly greater postcibal gastrin release. The mechanisms for these effects of alcohol on upper digestive tract function remain to be clarified.
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PMID:Effect of ethanol ingestion on postprandial gastric emptying and secretion, biliopancreatic secretions, and duodenal absorption in man. 370 25

The aim of the present study was to investigate the short-term (8-day) effects of feeding a raw soybean diet on exocrine pancreatic secretion and the plasma levels of gastrointestinal hormones in pigs. After adaptation to a heated soybean diet, 6 pigs (36.5 +/- 0.8 kg) were fitted with permanent fistulae of the pancreatic duct, the duodenum and a carotid artery. After post-surgical recovery of 8 days, the animals were submitted to two experimental periods, a 4-day period during which they were fed the heated soybean diet and an 8-day period during which they received the raw soybean diet. Exocrine pancreatic secretion and plasma levels of secretin, cholecystokinin, VIP, PP, somatostatin and gastrin were monitored each day of the two experimental periods. On the first day of raw soybean ingestion and till its end, the daily volume of pancreatic juice was higher than the mean volume measured during heated soybean ingestion. On the contrary, daily total protein output was unchanged. Specific activities of chymotrypsin, amylase and lipase were not modified by the raw soybean diet whereas, from the third day of the experimental period, that of trypsin was higher than the corresponding mean value determined during the first experimental period. Plasma levels of secretin and VIP were higher throughout raw soybean ingestion than the corresponding mean levels determined during the first experimental period. The plasma level of cholecystokinin increased only slightly and in the first days of the second experimental period only. The other gastrointestinal hormones studied were slightly (gastrin) or not (somatostatin, PP) affected by raw soybean feeding. It is suggested that feedback control of exocrine pancreatic secretion in pigs was the mechanism involved in the increase of pancreatic juice observed when raw soybean was fed. This volume increase would result from secretin release into the blood.
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PMID:Short-term (8-day) effects of a raw soybean diet on exocrine pancreatic secretion and plasma gastrointestinal hormone levels in the pig. 371 92

7 healthy subjects received an oral fat load containing 100 g neutral fat on two test days. The test meal was followed by an infusion of somatostatin (500 micrograms/h) over three hours. On the first test day 150,000 E of an active fungal lipase (extracted from Rhizopus arrhizus) were given with the fat meal. On the second day placebo capsules were administered instead of lipase. No postprandial increase of serum triglyceride levels could be found in both examinations. These results suggest, that the influence of somatostatin on triglyceride absorption cannot be due to the inhibition of pancreatic lipase secretion.
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PMID:[Further examinations of the influence of somatostatin on triglyceride absorption (author's transl)]. 610 84

The action of somatostatin (250 microgram i. v. + 125 microgram/30 min i. v.) on pancreatic secretion was studied in 8 volunteers and on biliary secretion as measured through a T-tube in 7 volunteers during background stimulation of secretin and pancreozymin (1 U/kg/h). Additional injection of somatostatin was accompanied by a significant (p less than 0,05) decrease in volume and in bicarbonate output for a short time and a significant (p less than 0,05) decrease in trypsin, amylase and lipase output for the studied period. There was no decrease in volume output and bicarbonate concentration as measured in the T-tube. The effect of somatostatin in abolishing the pancreozymin induced contraction of the gallbladder was documented by sonography. The temporary reduction of volume and bicarbonate output in the duodenal lumen could be considered as an inhibitory effect of somatostatin on gallbladder contraction and not as an effect on the exocrine pancreas.
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PMID:[Behavior of secretin-pancreozymin-stimulated pancreatic secretion, gallbladder contraction and choleresis after somatostatin administration]. 617 90

Intraduodenal (i.d.) application of bile or Na-taurodeoxycholate (TDC) dose dependently enhances basal exocrine pancreatic secretion. The hydrokinetic effect is mediated at least in part by secretin. This study should show, whether vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), a partial agonist of secretin, may also be involved in the mediation of the hydrokinetic effect. Furthermore, plasma concentrations of somatostatin-like immunoreactivity (SLI) were measured in order to check whether this counterregulating hormone is also released by bile and TDC. Twenty investigations were carried out on 10 fasting healthy volunteers provided with a double-lumen Dreiling tube. Bile and TDC were intraduodenally applied in doses of 2-6 g and 200-600 mg, respectively, at 65-min intervals. Plasma samples were withdrawn at defined intervals for radioimmunological determination of VIP and SLI. Duodenal juice was collected in 10-min fractions and analyzed for volume, pH, bicarbonate, lipase, trypsin, and amylase. I.d. application of bile or TDC dose dependently stimulated hydrokinetic and ecbolic pancreatic secretion. Bile exerted a slightly stronger effect than TDC. Pancreatic response was simultaneously accompanied by a significant increase of plasma VIP and SLI concentrations. The effect of bile on integrated plasma VIP and SLI concentrations seems to be dose dependent; the effect of TDC on integrated SLI, too. For the increase of integrated plasma VIP concentrations after TDC no dose-response relation could be established. We conclude that VIP may be a further mediator of bile-induced volume and bicarbonate secretion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Effect of intraduodenal bile and taurodeoxycholate on exocrine pancreatic secretion and on plasma levels of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide and somatostatin in man. 750 61

The prophylactic effect of perioperative use of somatostatin on postoperative increase of pancreatic enzymes was investigated in this double blind, randomized study. Thirty tree patients undergoing pancreatic surgery because of chronic pancreatitis or its complications were divided randomly into two groups. Fifteen patients received somatostatin (dose 125 micrograms/hour), 18 placebo-infusion pre-, and postoperatively for a total time of 48 hours. The level of serum amylase, lipase, gammaGT, calcium, creatinine and blood glucose was determined every 12 hours. In the placebo treated group the serum lipase and amylase increased significantly (p < 0.001), while the calcium decreased. In the somatostatin treated patients only the lipase level increased significantly (p < 0.01), while the amylase and calcium showed no significant changes compared to their initial values. The postoperative increase in serum enzyme levels is interpreted as being an indicator of pancreatic injury. These results suggest that the perioperative use of somatostatin has beneficial effect for the prevention of pancreatic enzymes increases and of pancreatic injuries, associated with pancreatic surgery in patients with chronic pancreatitis. The clinical experiences suggest that the asymptomatic increase in pancreatic amylase following abdominal surgery is the result of various types of injuries of the pancreas (1-3). Included in these injuries is the direct mechanical damage of the parenchyma and ducts but it can develop secondary, as a result of vascular lesion, ischaemia, oedema as well as mechanical injury to the Oddi sphincter of the sphincter's drug induced spasm (1, 2). The asymptomatic increase in serum amylase and lipase can thus be interpreted as being an indicator of surgical pancreatic injury (3).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Perioperative use of somatostatin in pancreatic surgery. 752 8

While pancreatic metaplasia has been observed in gastric mucosa of patients with chronic gastritis, it has not been described in ectopic gastric mucosa. We have identified focal clusters of cells resembling pancreatic acinar cells (CPACs) in 11 of 350 biopsies of Barrett's mucosa from 120 patients with Barrett's esophagus enrolled in a clinical efficacy trial of omeprazole versus ranitidine for treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease. Three additional cases from our surgical files were also studied. Immunoreactivity for trypsin and chymotrypsin was present in the CPACs of all 14 cases, while stains for alpha-amylase and lipase were each positive in 12 of 13. A few cells in the CPACs were also positive for chomogranins (12 of 13 cases), serotonin (seven of 13 cases), somatostatin (three of 12), gastrin (four of 11), and pancreatic polypeptide (two of 13). No staining was seen for insulin or glucagon. Ultrastructural studies performed in one case showed features of pancreatic exocrine and endocrine (PP-type) cells in cells within CPACs. These results collectively indicate that the CPACs are aggregates of true pancreatic acinar cells admixed with a few endocrine cells. This pancreatic parenchyma in Barrett's mucosa is most likely of metaplastic origin and could be derived from the transitional zone cells or from pluripotent stem cells in the esophageal mucosa or from metaplasia of mucus cells. While the development of pancreatic metaplasia in Barrett's esophagus appears to be unrelated to drug therapy, the clinical relevance of this distinctive histological finding needs further investigation.
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PMID:Pancreatic metaplasia in Barrett's esophagus. An immunohistochemical study. 757 75

It is well known that oral administration of camostate induces hyperplasia and hypertrophy of the rat pancreas. It is not clear, however, whether pancreatic hormone and enzyme secretion are affected by camostate treatment. In rats, daily administration of 200 mg camostate/kg b. wt for 14 days significantly increased pancreatic weight and pancreatic content of DNA, protein, amylase, lipase, trypsin and chymotrypsin, as well as the amount of insulin, glucagon and somatostatin. In the intact animal, blood glucose levels and serum concentrations of insulin and glucagon in response to an oral glucose load were not impaired after camostate treatment. In the isolated perfused pancreas, however, insulin and glucagon secretions were reduced, whereas somatostatin release was not affected. The volume of pancreatic juice produced by the unstimulated isolated perfused organ, as well as protein and enzyme secretion, were increased after camostate treatment. Likewise, the isolated perfused pancreas from camostate-treated rats secreted a larger volume of pancreatic juice and more protein in response to cholecystokinin (CCK), while enzyme secretion was affected in a non-parallel manner: amylase release was markedly reduced, lipase release was unchanged, and release of trypsin and chymotrypsin was increased.
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PMID:Endocrine and exocrine pancreatic function after camostate-induced growth of the organ. 760 95

A somatostatin analogue (SMS-201-995, hereinafter "octreotide") was s.c. administered to 5 healthy subjects under consecutive dripping of CCK-PZ (cholecystokinin-pancreozymin) and secretin (0.01 CHR U/kg/minutes), after inserting a Dreiling double tube into Treitz's ligament. Bile acid concentration, and bicarbonate and lipase excretions in duodenal juice were determined every 10 minutes up to 120 minutes and compared with controls. Moreover, octreotide (100 micrograms) was s.c. administered to 5 healthy subjects 30 minutes before meals for 7 days. Fecal fat and bile acid excretions before and after administration were determined. Bile acid concentration, and bicarbonate and lipase excretions in the octreotide group decreased to 1/3-1/4 that of controls. Bile acid concentration became 0 mM for 60 minutes. Fecal fat excretion increased; obvious steatorrhea occurred in 2 cases. Fecal bile acid excretion decreased to about 1/4. These results suggest that decreases in bile acid secretion should be considered, as well as pancreatic lipase and bicarbonate secretions, when fatty stool occurs after octreotide administration.
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PMID:Octreotide decreases biliary and pancreatic exocrine function, and induces steatorrhea in healthy subjects. 782 73

Previous studies have indicated that teleost fish appear to have two somatostatin genes. In salmonid fish, it is purported that gene I encodes for somatostatin-14 (SS-14), while gene II encodes for somatostatin-25 (sSS-25). In the present study, the physiological effects of SS-14 and sSS-25 on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, were evaluated by in vivo administration of hormone and measuring resulting levels of specific metabolites and hormones present within tissues and plasma. Somatostatin-14 administration caused hyperglycemia without affecting liver glycogen content and increased plasma fatty acid (FA) levels in association with enhanced activity of the lipid mobilizing enzyme, triacylglycerol lipase (TG lipase). Somatostatin-14 injection also resulted in reduced hepatic glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity, which may indicate a decrease in glucose channeling through the pentose phosphate shunt. In addition, SS-14 reduced plasma glucagon concentration, while having no effect on plasma insulin levels. Salmon SS-25 elevated plasma glucose levels in association with reduced glycogen content and resulted in increased plasma FA levels accompanied by increased hepatic TG lipase activity. Salmon SS-25 injection also resulted in a reduction in plasma glucagon and insulin levels. These results indicate that SS-14 and sSS-25 are important regulators of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in rainbow trout and that modulation of metabolic activity by these peptides may be accomplished, in part, by alterations in insulin and glucagon levels circulating in the plasma.
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PMID:Differential effects of somatostatin-14 and somatostatin-25 on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. 790 64


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