Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P61278 (somatostatin)
 22,083 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The influence of regulatory peptides (somatostatin, calcitonin, and dalargin) on xanthine oxidase activity and lipid peroxidation level in pancreatic tissues as well as on the release of pancreatic enzymes (alpha-amylase, trypsin, lipase, and transamidinase) into blood was studied in 205 rats with experimental acute pancreatitis. Somatostatin and dalargin were shown to have obvious antioxidant effect seen by reduced xanthine oxidase activity and MDA level. All studied peptides stimulate reduced release of pancreatic enzymes. Particularly, reduction of dalargin and somatostatin is caused by inhibition of their synthesis as well as by pancreas protective effect of the peptides. Release of enzymes reduced by calcitonin is probably associated only with inhibition of secretory activity of the pancreas.
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PMID:[Effects of several regulatory peptides on the functional activity of the pancreas in acute experimental pancreatitis]. 259 53

Mice were injected 3 times a day for 12 days with 8 micrograms/kg of somatostatin 14 which caused a hypoplasia of parietal and goblet cells, a hypotrophy and hypofunctionality of pancreatic acinar cells with a decrease in lipase and chymotrypsin activities, a decrease in the secretory fuction of the Brunner gland and in the number of dark granules of G cells. Neither villous and microvillous areas nor brush border hydrolase activities were affected. The number of peptic cells and Paneth cells increase as the level of pepsin and lysozyme. Mice were injected 4 times per hour with 2 micrograms/kg of somatostatin. 2 h after the first injection of somatostatin and 90 min after a single injection of tritiated thymidine, fundic, antral, jejunal and ileal labelling indexes strongly decrease (maximal effect in ileum). The inhibitory effect of somatostatin on the digestive epithelial cell proliferation compared to its long-term action only directed on specific cell types evokes probable compensatory mechanisms induced to maintain the equilibrium of the digestive epithelia.
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PMID:Long-term effect of somatostatin 14 on mouse stomach, antrum, intestine and exocrine pancreas. 285 47

The effect of three concentrations of high-methoxy apple pectin (5, 10, and 15 g), on solid-liquid meal digestion was studied in 12 healthy men by the gastrointestinal intubation technique. The gastric emptying of water and carbohydrates is significantly reduced only after 10 and 15 g pectin. The changes in gastric pH are similar for pectin-free and pectin-containing meals. Cumulative lipase and trypsin outputs are not significantly different with and without pectin. When gastric uronic acid concentration is above 6 g/l, the duodenal absorption of carbohydrates is significantly reduced (p less than 0.001). The mean blood glucose levels with 10 and 15 g pectin are significantly higher than the control values at 180 min (p less than 0.05). Pectin does not modify serum concentrations of secretin, cholecystokinin (CCK), vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP), and somatostatin but serum motilin and gastrin levels are below the control values after high fiber meal.
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PMID:Effect of increased amounts of pectin on a solid-liquid meal digestion in healthy man. 286 75

The effect of the long-acting somatostatin analogue Sandostatin (SMS 201-995) on intestinal absorption and propagation (mouth-to-caecum transit time; MCTT), on pancreatic secretion and on gall bladder contraction after direct (secretin-pancreozymin test) and indirect stimulation (Lundh meal), and on meal-induced responses of seven gastrointestinal regulatory peptides has been investigated. In a double-blind cross-over study, 9 healthy volunteers completed two 7-day periods with subcutaneous injections of either placebo or 25 micrograms SMS 201-995 twice daily. Mean faecal fat excretion was increased to 19.2 g/day and MCTT was three times longer during the SMS period. After duodenal infusion of a mixture containing D-galactose, D-xylose and triglycerides, SMS 201-995 significantly reduced the serum concentrations of D-galactose but increased serum levels of D-xylose. After 6 days of pretreatment, SMS 201-995 completely suppressed duodenal trypsin, lipase and bilirubin increases in response to endogenous stimulation by a Lundh meal. Concomitantly, cholecystokinin (CCK) release and gall bladder contraction were almost abolished. Compared with placebo, SMS 201-995 significantly diminished pancreatic amylase, trypsin and lipase output after stimulation with CCK, while the secretion of fluid and bicarbonate in response to secretin was unchanged. This inhibition of enzyme response was significantly more marked after a single injection of the analogue than after pretreatment for 7 days and did not reach the level of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency. CCK-induced gall bladder contraction was significantly inhibited by a single dose of 25 micrograms SMS 201-995 but not after 7 days of pretreatment with the somatostatin analogue.
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PMID:Effect of the somatostatin analogue sandostatin (SMS 201-995) on gastrointestinal, pancreatic and biliary function and hormone release in normal men. 288 60

Salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) somatostatin (sSS; 4 or 8 ng/g body wt) or synthetic Gillichthys urotensin II (UII; 2 or 4 ng/g body wt) were injected intraperitoneally into juvenile freshwater coho salmon. Both sSS and UII caused a dose-dependent increase in plasma free fatty acids (FFA) which diminished with time. sSS induced an initial (1 hr) transient hyperglycemia. By contrast, UII tended to induce hypoglycemia, this effect being significant 5 hr after injection of the higher dose. Both sSS and UII depressed plasma insulin titers 1 hr after injection. By 3 hr, the sSS-associated insulin depression was no longer observed. UII treatment induced a hyperinsulinemia which was present 3 and 5 hr after peptide administration. Although no decreases in liver total lipid concentration or in mesenteric fat total tissue mass were observed, lipolytic enzyme activity within each depot was significantly enhanced by both peptides. Neither sSS nor UII altered 3H2O incorporation into fatty acids or neutral lipids. However, enhanced lipogenesis, particularly by UII, was indicated by increased NADPH production resulting from glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity. Both sSS and UII enhanced glucose mobilization, as indicated by decreased liver glycogen content and increased liver glucose-6-phosphatase activity. UII, but not sSS, stimulated glycogen synthetase activity. These results suggest that both sSS and UII stimulate hyperlipidemia by enhancing depot lipase activity and that although both factors are potentially gluconeogenetic, sSS seems to be glycogenolytic and hyperglycemic, whereas UII may channel glucose to FFA synthesis.
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PMID:Effects of somatostatin-25 and urotensin II on lipid and carbohydrate metabolism of coho salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch. 288 97

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of wheat bran consumption on exocrine pancreas secretion in pigs. Sixteen Large-White pigs were divided into two groups. The first group (control) was fed a diet without wheat bran and the second one (experimental) a diet containing 40% wheat bran. After one week the animals were fitted with two permanent fistulae (in the pancreatic duct and the duodenum) and/or with a catheter in a carotid artery. After an 8-day recovery period, pancreatic secretion (volume, protein content and output, chymotrypsin, trypsin, lipase and amylase activities) and plasma levels of some gastro-intestinal peptides [secretin, cholecystokinin (CCK), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), somatostatin and pancreatic polypeptide (PP)] were measured over an experimental period of 5 days. The results show that wheat bran intake induced an increase in the volume (+ 115%) and protein output (+ 36%) of the pancreatic juice secreted in a 24-hour period, whereas protein concentration decreased. All enzyme activities were enhanced by wheat bran. The plasma levels of secretin, VIP, somatostatin and PP were higher in the experimental than in the control group. On the contrary, plasma CCK levels were not affected by wheat bran consumption.
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PMID:Effects of wheat bran on exocrine pancreas secretion in the pig. 289 Nov 62

In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study therapeutic doses of synthetic secretin (0.5 CU/kg/h) and somatostatin (3.5 micrograms/kg/h) given an intravenous infusion suppressed significantly peptone-stimulated gastric acid output per 3 h in nine male healthy subjects from 59.2 +/- 7.4 mmol H+ (placebo) to 16.9 +/- 3.1 and 6.6 +/- 1.5 mmol H+, respectively. Peptone-stimulated gastrin release was reduced to basal concentrations by both hormones. In five subjects secretin raised serum lipase to pathological concentrations. Somatostatin diminished significantly mean blood glucose concentrations. Both had opposite renal effects; secretin showed diuretic and somatostatin antidiuretic properties. Secretin and somatostatin were well tolerated. It is concluded from these data that therapeutic doses of secretin and somatostatin are comparably effective on exocrine and endocrine gastric functions, but have opposite effects on renal functions in man.
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PMID:Pharmacological effects of secretin and somatostatin on gastric and renal function in man. 289 48

Five pancreatic cutaneous fistulas were treated by subcutaneous administration of a long-acting synthetic analog of somatostatin, SMS 201-995. Patients included four men and one woman who ranged in age from 52 to 77 years. The fistulas developed after drainage of a pancreatic abscess, biopsy of a pancreatic mass, splenectomies for idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura and Felty's syndrome, and operative trauma, respectively. Fistula output consisted of 1,000 ml/day of amylase- and lipase-rich fluid in the patient with a pancreatic biopsy. The other four patients had low-output fistulas (100 to 250 ml/day) that had been draining for 1 to 12 months. Direct communication with the pancreatic duct was demonstrated by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, sinography, or both in four of the five patients. Fistula output decreased from 340 +/- 376 ml/day to 63 +/- 36 ml/day on the first day of therapy with two daily doses of 0.05 mg SMS 201-995 (p less than 0.03) and to 13 +/- 19 ml/day on the seventh day of therapy (p less than 0.03). Two patients had prompt closure of their fistulas and one closed in 3 months. One patient with chronic pancreatitis and a duct stricture and one patient with recurring infection did not achieve permanent fistula closure with SMS 201-995. Because of its safety, ease of administration, and efficacy in decreasing fistula output, we believe somatostatin analog therapy is beneficial in hastening closure of pancreatic fistulas.
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PMID:Treatment of pancreatic cutaneous fistulas with a somatostatin analog. 289 56

The aim of the present work was to study the effect of a modification of diet composition upon the plasma levels of some peptides known to be involved in the hormonal regulation of exocrine pancreas secretion. Six growing Large-White pigs weighing 41 +/- 3.2 kg were fitted with a catheter in a carotid artery; four of these pigs were also fitted with permanent fistulae in the pancreatic duct and duodenum. All the pigs were adapted to a control diet (C) during an 8-day period before surgery. In the 8-day postoperative period and a first experimental period of 4 days, they were fed on the same control diet. Three pigs were then fed the experimental diets in the following sequence: fat-rich diet (F) for 7 days, control diet (C) for 7 days, starch-rich diet (S) for 7 days, whereas the other three pigs were fed the same diets over the same time lengths but in inverse sequence: diet S, diet C, diet F. The three diets were isoproteinic (16% protein) and isocaloric (3,850 cal/kg). The pancreatic secretion and the plasma levels of cholecystokinin (CCK), secretin, pancreatic polypeptide (PP) and somatostatin were analysed during the 4 days of the first experimental period and the last day of each of the other three experimental periods. Total proteins and lipase and amylase activities were determined in pancreatic juice samples collected over the 7 hours following the morning meal. Arterial blood was sampled at 9 h 00 (before meal consumption), 9 h 30, 10 h 00 and every hour until 16 h 00. The results confirm pancreatic adaptation to the diet, i.e. increase of lipase specific activity (x 1.8) when the pigs ingested 6 times more fat (diet S----diet F) per day, and an increase in amylase specific activity (x 2.3) when they ingested 3 times more starch (diet F----diet S) per day. Furthermore, changes in diet composition did not lead to any durable, significant change in plasma peptide levels. In conclusion, CCK, secretin, PP and somatostatin, known to regulate exocrine pancreas secretion, would not be involved in the mechanisms of pancreatic amylase and lipase adaptation to the amount of carbohydrate and fat ingested by pigs.
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PMID:Diet composition and the plasma levels of some peptides regulating pancreatic secretion in the pig. 289 76

The current study examines the effects of bombesin on gastrointestinal and pancreatic growth in suckling rats. During a period of 6 days, 7-day-old rats were injected twice daily with bombesin tetradecapeptide (20 micrograms/kg) in hydrolyzed gelatin or with gelatin alone. At the end of bombesin treatment, the weights of stomach, intestine, and pancreas; the heights of fundic and antral mucosae; and the density of parietal cells were significantly increased over control values. The gastrin cell population also tended to be augmented. The surface of glandular stomach, the duodenal mucosal height, and the somatostatin cell population were not modified as compared to controls. Electron morphometric analysis indicates that the increase in pancreatic weight under bombesin treatment was partly due to hypertrophy of acinar cells. This was confirmed by biochemical data that also showed that hypertrophy was associated with hyperplasia. Storage of secretory granules in acinar cells of the neonate rat pancreas under bombesin treatment seemed probable. Chymotrypsinogen and trypsinogen pancreatic contents were greatly augmented; lipase and colipase contents were not affected, whereas the amylase content tended to decrease. All these findings suggest that bombesin might be a general trophic factor for the neonatal digestive system in the rat. The mechanism of its action, however, remains to be determined.
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PMID:Stimulating effect of bombesin on the growth of gastrointestinal tract and pancreas in suckling rats. 369 11


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