Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UNIPROT:P61278 (somatostatin)
 22,083 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We have examined somatostatin-immunoreactive (S-IR) neurones in developing retinae of the human and cat. At 14 and 16 weeks' gestation (G14 and G16) in the human, S-IR cells were only found close to the putative fovea centralis, but by 18 weeks' gestation (G18), they were located in all retinal regions. By adulthood, the majority of S-IR cells were restricted to inferior retina. In the developing cat retina, two classes of S-IR cells were recognized. S1-IR cells were similar in morphology and distribution to adult cells: they had small round somata which were only found in inferior retina and gave rise to beaded processes which traversed the inner plexiform layer (IPL) and nerve fibre layer (NFL). S2-IR cells had larger somata located in the ganglion cell layer (GCL) and the label was compartmentalized within their cytoplasm. Most S2-IR cells had lost immunoreactivity by P (postnatal day) 25 and may have been alpha-ganglion cells transiently expressing somatostatin in association with their retention of plasticity into postnatal life.
 ...
PMID:Somatostatinergic neurones of the developing human and cat retinae. 257 13

The mu-opioid receptor has recently been shown to stimulate phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C via the pertussis toxin-sensitive G16 protein. Given the promiscuous nature of G16 and the high degree of resemblance of signaling properties of the three opioid receptors, both delta- and kappa-opioid receptors are likely to activate G16. Interactions of delta- and kappa-opioid receptors with G16 were examined by coexpressing the opioid receptors and G alpha16 in COS-7 cells. The delta-selective agonist [D-Pen2,D-Pen5] enkephalin potently stimulated the formation of inositol phosphates in cells coexpressing the delta-opioid receptor and G alpha16. The delta-opioid receptor-mediated stimulation of phospholipase C was absolutely dependent on the coexpression of G alpha16 and exhibited appropriate ligand selectivity and dose dependency. Similar transfection studies revealed only weak stimulation by the mu-opioid receptor, whereas the kappa-opioid receptor produced moderate phospholipase C activity. G alpha16 thus appeared to interact differentially with the three opioid receptors. Radioligand binding assays indicate that the mu-opioid receptor was expressed at a lower level than those of the delta- and kappa-opioid receptors. To examine if differential coupling to G alpha16 is prevalent, a panel of Gs- or Gi-coupled receptors was coexpressed with G alpha16 in COS-7 cells and assayed for agonist-induced stimulation of phospholipase C. Activation of alpha2- and beta2-adrenergic, dopamine D1 and D2, adenosine A1, somatostatin-1 and -2, C5a, formyl peptide, and luteinizing hormone receptors all resulted in stimulation of phospholipase C, with maximal stimulations ranging from 1.5- to almost 17-fold. These findings suggest that the promiscuous G alpha16 can in fact discriminate among different receptors and that such preferential interaction might in part be due to the abundance of receptors.
 ...
PMID:Differential coupling of mu-, delta-, and kappa-opioid receptors to G alpha16-mediated stimulation of phospholipase C. 957 9