Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UNIPROT:P61278 (somatostatin)
 22,083 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The central nucleus of the amygdala (ACe) in the rat sends a considerable projection to, and receives projections from, the parabrachial nucleus (PB) and the dorsal vagal complex (DVC; the nucleus of the solitary tract and the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve). In each part of this 'triangle', immunohistochemical staining for the following peptides has been observed in perikarya and fibers: neurotensin, somatostatin, substance-P, Leu-enkephalin and corticotropin-releasing factor. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether any of these peptides are involved in projections to the brainstem from the ACe, and to characterize the distribution of each cell type in the ACe. The results of double retrograde tracing studies indicate that most of the ACe neurons projecting to the PB and DVC are present in the medial part of ACe (ACem), and that many of them project to both the 1 B and the DVC. The combined use of immunohistochemistry with a retrograde fluorescent tracer, True Blue, indicated that the peptide-containing perikarya are found predominantly in the lateral part of ACe (ACe1), and that only a small proportion of neurotensin, somatostatin and corticotropin-releasing factor-stained neurons contained True Blue after injections into the PB or the DVC. The results suggest that most of the fibers in the descending projection from the ACe to the brainstem do not contain the peptides examined here.
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PMID:The organization of projections from the central nucleus of the amygdala to brainstem sites involved in central autonomic regulation: a combined retrograde transport-immunohistochemical study. 620 16

1. SMS 201-995, a somatostatin analogue which interacts with highest affinities at somatostatin receptor subtypes 5 > 2 > or = 3, was microinjected into selective brain sites and its influence on pentagastrin (10 micrograms kg-1 h-1, i.v.)-stimulated gastric acid secretion was investigated in rats anaesthetized with urethane. Gastric acid secretion was measured by flushing the stomach with saline through a gastric cannula every 10 min. 2. SMS 201-995 microinjected into the dorsal vagal complex (DVC, 7, 15, 30 and 60 ng) dose-dependently increased pentagastrin-stimulated gastric acid secretion. The peak acid response was reached within 20 min and returned to basal level 50 min post-injection. SMA 201-995 (30 ng) microinjected into the surrounding area or the central amygdala did not modify pentagastrin-stimulated acid secretion. 3. SMS 201-995 injected into the lateral ventricle (i.c.v., 100, 200, or 300 ng), paraventricular nucleus (PVN) or lateral hypothalamus (LH) (7.5, 15, or 30 ng) dose-dependently inhibited pentagastrin-stimulated gastric acid secretion. SMS 201-995 (30 ng) microinjected into the area surrounding the PVN or LH did not modify the acid secretion response to pentagastrin. 4. Vagotomy prevented the effects of SMS 201-995 (30 ng) microinjected into the DVC and LH. 5. Spinal cord transection abolished the inhibitory action of SMS 201-995 (30 ng) microinjected into the PVN but not the LH. 6. These results demonstrate that SMS 201-995 acts in the DVC to enhance and in the LH and PVN to inhibit pentagastrin-stimulated gastric acid secretion. The action is mediated through vagal (DVC, LH)or spinal (PVN) pathways. The site specific pattern of acid responses to SMS 201-995 may be linked to the distribution of receptor subtypes at these sites that convey the different biological actions of somatostatin.
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PMID:SMS 201-995-induced stimulation of gastric acid secretion via the dorsal vagal complex and inhibition via the hypothalamus in anaesthetized rats. 856 64

To further the understanding of gastrointestinal function in this species, and in particular to advance our own work concerning central emetic pathways, the cytoarchitecture and the distribution of eight neurochemicals were studied in the ferret dorsal vagal complex (DVC; area postrema, nucleus of the solitary tract [nTS] and dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus). The cytoarchitectural features of this region in the ferret were similar to those seen in other species; however, the ferret possesses a particularly large and distinct subnucleus gelatinosus of the nTS. Dense calcitonin gene-related peptide-immunoreactivity was found in the gelatinous, interstitial and commissural subnuclei of the nTS, with lesser amounts in other regions of the DVC. Enkephalin-immunoreactivity of varying densities was found throughout the DVC. Moderate to dense galanin-immunoreactivity was observed throughout the DVC, with the exception of the subnucleus gelatinosus of the nTS, from which it was virtually absent. Dense neuropeptide Y-immunoreactivity was observed in the subnucleus gelatinosus and interstitial subnucleus, with moderate staining in other regions of the DVC. Neurotensin immunoreactivity was very sparse or absent. Immunoreactivity for serotonin was sparsely distributed throughout the DVC. Moderate somatostatin-immunoreactivity was observed over a large portion of the DVC, but was virtually absent from the gelatinosus and interstitial subnuclei. Substance P immunoreactivity was observed throughout the DVC and was particularly dense in the dorsal/dorsolateral subnucleus and the dorsal aspects of the medial and commissural subnuclei. In terms of its cytoarchitecture the DVC of the ferret is more similar to the cat than the rat, especially with regard to the area postrema and the subnucleus gelatinosus of the nTS. The distribution of neuroactive substances was largely similar to other species; however, differences were present particularly in patterns of immunoreactivity for enkephalin, serotonin, neuropeptide Y and somatostatin.
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PMID:The dorsal vagal complex of the ferret: anatomical and immunohistochemical studies. 887 86