Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P61278 (somatostatin)
 22,083 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Effects of intravenous infusions of somatostatin, methionine-enkephalin, and 5-hydroxytryptophan on canine ileal motor patterns and transit of chyme were investigated postprandially. Motility was recorded by multiple closely spaced extraluminal strain gauges. By a computerized method, the length of contraction spread and other motility parameters were evaluated. Transit rates were measured fluoroscopically. Somatostatin and methionine-enkephalin initiated a mixing activity by reducing the incidence and the length of spread of contraction waves induced by a noncaloric meal. Methionine-enkephalin, but not somatostatin, decreased both the number of contractions per minute and the motility index. 5-Hydroxytryptophan converted the mixing activity induced by a nutrient meal into a propulsive pattern. The incidence and the length of spread of contraction waves as well as the number of contractions per minute, the contraction force, and the motility index were enhanced. Results suggest that somatostatin, methionine-enkephalin, and 5-hydroxytryptophan are effective modulators of ileal propulsive activity. Effects are largely similar to those observed in the proximal jejunum, although the lengths of contraction spread and the transit rates were generally less in the ileum.
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PMID:Effects of various agents on ileal postprandial motor patterns and transit of chyme in dogs. 257 39

The jejunal contraction patterns of dogs in response to intravenous infusion of neurotensin, somatostatin, secretin, and met-enkephalin were analyzed. The peptides were given after administration of a noncaloric viscous cellulose meal. A computer was used to determine the length of spread of contraction waves, their contraction force, the contraction frequency, and the motility index. Transit rates of luminal content were assessed videofluoroscopically. During saline infusion the cellulose meal was propelled aborally at a transit rate of 3.1 +/- 1.1 cm/s; the corresponding length of spread of contraction waves was 10.3 +/- 1.5 cm. All peptides decreased both the transit rate (0.45-1.81 cm/s) and the contraction spread (3.7-6.2 cm). Neurotensin increased the contraction force, but had no effect on contraction frequency and motility index. The other peptides reduced the motility index and the frequency and force of contractions. It was shown that the peptides influenced intestinal contraction patterns and the transit rate of luminal content. The length of spread of contraction waves was found to be most important in the regulation of transit.
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PMID:Effects of neurohormonal agents on jejunal contraction spread and transit in the fed dog. 287 Sep 53

Antihypertensive treatment with furosemide and indapamide may eventually cause impairment of glucose metabolism. To study if this was due to a direct effect on the endocrine pancreas, we examined the effects of furosemide and indapamide on the release of insulin and somatostatin from the isolated perfused pancreas of normal dogs. Furosemide at concentrations ranging between 1-30 micrograms/ml inhibited insulin in a dose-dependent manner (2p less than 0.01) whereas the somatostatin secretion was left unchanged. Also the infusion of indapamide at doses ranging between 0.05-1 micrograms/ml subdued B-cell secretion at the two highest concentrations of 0.5 (by 15 +/- 2%, p less than 0.01) and 1 microgram/ml (by 22 +/- 5%, p less than 0.02) while pancreatic D-cell secretion did not alter. The results suggest, that furosemide and indapamide possess the ability to directly inhibit insulin secretion. Whether this effect is of clinical importance for the diminution in glucose tolerance observed during therapy remains, however, uncertain.
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PMID:Effects of furosemide and indapamide upon pancreatic insulin and somatostatin secretion in vitro. 287 9

beta(3)-Adrenoceptors(beta(3)-AR) are expressed by cholinergic myenteric neurons and beta(3)-AR agonists are effective in experimental models of diarrhea. Our aim was to explore the effects of a beta(3)-AR agonist, solabegron, on gastrointestinal transit, safety, bowel function, plasma somatostatin, and solabegron pharmacokinetics (PK) following single and multiple doses. In a single-center, double-blind, parallel-group trial, 36 healthy volunteers were randomized to oral solabegron (50 or 200 mg twice daily) or placebo. Transit was measured by a validated method ((99m)Tc-labeled egg meal and (111)In charcoal delivered to the colon via delayed-release capsule). Stool frequency, form, and ease of passage were measured on a validated daily diary; plasma somatostatin by radioimmunoassay and plasma solabegron and its active metabolite by validated liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy analysis followed by PK analysis using noncompartmental methods. There were no overall or dose-related effects of solabegron on gastric, small bowel, or colonic transit, plasma somatostatin levels, stool frequency, form, or ease of passage in healthy volunteers. Solabegron and active metabolite exposures (area under the curve and maximum serum concentration) at both dose levels were consistent with PK at similar doses in previous phase I studies. We concluded that 7 days of the beta(3)-AR agonist, solabegron, 50 or 200 mg twice daily, did not significantly alter gastrointestinal or colonic transit or bowel function. In this study, medication was generally well tolerated with few adverse events reported and no clinically significant changes in vital signs observed. Further studies on clinical efficacy, visceral sensitivity, and gastrointestinal transit are required in irritable bowel syndrome patients.
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PMID:Dose-response effect of a beta3-adrenergic receptor agonist, solabegron, on gastrointestinal transit, bowel function, and somatostatin levels in health. 1837 95