Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UNIPROT:P61278 (somatostatin)
 22,083 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Despite advances in endoscopic management, variceal bleeding is still associated with a significant mortality. In recent years, several therapeutic agents have been shown to lower the portal pressure and reduce variceal bleeding. In patients presenting with acute variceal bleeding, the drug of choice is somatostatin; it is as effective as endoscopic treatment and is virtually free of side-effects. The second-line drug therapy in acute variceal bleeding is a combination of vasopressin and nitroglycerine. Every patient with a history of variceal bleeding is at an increased risk of rebleeding and should receive some form of preventive therapy. In these patients, non-selective beta-blockers and endoscopic treatment are equally effective and either modality can be used. Since each episode of variceal bleeding carries a 30%-50% risk of death, cirrhotics who have never experienced variceal bleeding but are at high risk to develop this complication (high portal pressure, variceal grade III and IV, and presence of red wale markings over the varices) should be identified and treated. Beta-blockers are the treatment of choice and should be continued for the rest of the patient's life. Isosorbide-5-mononitrate is also useful in lowering the portal pressure and may be combined with beta-blockers in those who do not respond to the use of beta-blockers alone. However, isosorbide-5-mononitrate should not be given alone for a long duration because of its adverse haemodynamic effects. Additional measures which are useful in decreasing the risk of variceal bleeding are good control of ascites, especially with spironolactone and a low salt diet, and early recognition and treatment of bacterial infections.
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PMID:Drug treatment of portal hypertension. 980 74

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common type of cancer among males. Although survival rate of early-stage PCa is high, treatment options are very limited for recurrent disease. In this study, the possible synergistic cytotoxic and apoptotic effect of octreotide in combination with AT-101 was investigated in DU-145 hormone and drug refractory prostate cancer cell line. To enlighten the action mechanisms of the combination treatment, expression levels of somatostatin receptors 2 and 5 (SSTR2 and SSTR5) were also investigated. Cell viability was measured by XTT assay. Apoptosis was assessed through DNA fragmentation analysis and caspase 3/7 assay. mRNA and protein levels of SSTR2 and SSTR5 were evaluated by qRT-PCR and western blot analysis, respectively. Octreotide in combination with AT-101 inhibited cell viability and induced apoptosis synergistically in DU-145 cells as compared to any agent alone. Combination treatment increased both SSTR2 and SSTR5 mRNA and protein levels in DU-145 cells. The data suggest that this combination therapy may be a good candidate for patients with advanced metastatic PCa do not respond to androgen deprivation.
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PMID:Octreotide in combination with AT-101 induces cytotoxicity and apoptosis through up-regulation of somatostatin receptors 2 and 5 in DU-145 prostate cancer cells. 2653 19