Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P61278 (somatostatin)
 22,083 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We have recently shown that glutamate exerts a stimulatory action on somatostatin secretion in cortical neurons essentially through NMDA receptor sites. Here, we investigated whether arachidonic acid release could be modified after NMDA receptor activation in cortical neurons in primary culture. We also studied whether pharmacological manipulation of phospholipase A2 could modify somatostatin release. We found that both glutamate and NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartate) stimulated [3H]arachidonic acid release. NMDA-evoked arachidonic acid release was inhibited by MK-801 and TCP (two NMDA receptor-type antagonists), or by mepacrine, an inhibitor of phospholipase A2. NMDA-induced somatostatin release was inhibited by MK-801, mepacrine and by another phospholipase A2 inhibitor, p-bromophenacylbromide (pBPB). However, responses to NMDA were unaffected by H7, NDGA (nordihydroguaiaretic acid), indomethacin or by RHC 80267 (inhibitors of protein kinase C, lipooxygenase, cyclooxygenase and diacylglycerol lipase, respectively). Mepacrine (greater than or equal to 100 microM) decreased NMDA-stimulated phosphatidylinositol (PI) hydrolysis and at higher concentrations (250 microM) was also able to inhibit basal release whereas pBPB had no effect in the range of concentrations tested. Neomycin (which inhibits phosphatidylinositol metabolism by binding strongly and selectively to inositol phospholipids) reduced by 30% the NMDA-stimulated somatostatin release, although chronic treatment of neurons with the phorbol ester 12-myristate, 13-acetate (PMA) had no effect on this response. Melittin, an activator of phospholipase A2, was able to stimulate both arachidonic acid release and somatostatin secretion. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of tritiated metabolites released from cortical neurons under basal or NMDA-stimulated conditions revealed that [3H]arachidonic acid was the only metabolite detectable. Furthermore, external addition of arachidonic acid increased somatostatin secretion. Our results show a correlation between the two parameters studied.
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PMID:NMDA receptor activation stimulates phospholipase A2 and somatostatin release from rat cortical neurons in primary cultures. 135 46

1. Noradrenaline hyperpolarizes guinea-pig submucosal neurones by opening inwardly rectifying potassium channels. Intracellular recordings were made from submucosal neurones and the possible involvement of the phospholipase A2 pathway in this response was examined. 2. The non-specific phospholipase A2 inhibitors, quinacrine (10 microM) and 4-bromophenacyl bromide (4-BPB, 10 microM) inhibited nerve-evoked inhibitory synaptic potentials (i.p.s.ps) and hyperpolarizations to somatostatin and UK 14304. Quinacrine and 4-BPB also blocked the inward rectification present in current-voltage curves in the absence of somatostatin or UK 14304. 3. The more selective phospholipase A2 inhibitor, cyclosporin A (10 microM) and the lipoxygenase and cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor, eicosatetraynoic acid (ETYA, 20 microM) and nordihydroguairetic acid (NDGA, 20 microM) did not alter i.p.s.ps or hyperpolarizations to UK 14304. 4. Exogenously applied arachidonic acid (1-300 microM) did not mimic the i.p.s.p. or the hyperpolarization to UK 14304. 5. We conclude that arachidonic acid or its eicosanoid metabolites produced by phospholipase A2 stimulation are unlikely to be involved in the receptor G-protein coupled activation of potassium currents in submucosal neurones. The inhibition of the noradrenaline-induced hyperpolarization by quinacrine and 4-BPB is most likely due primarily to blockade of the basal inwardly rectifying potassium conductance present in these neurones.
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PMID:Effects of phospholipase A2 inhibitors on coupling of alpha 2-adrenoceptors to inwardly rectifying potassium currents in guinea-pig submucosal neurones. 790 74