Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P61278 (somatostatin)
 22,083 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effects of cysteamine-induced reductions of somatostatin-like immunoreactivity (SLI) on spatial learning, passive avoidance, and locomotor activity were examined in adult Sprague-Dawley rats. Cysteamine hydrochloride (100 mg/kg, s.c.) produced 54% and 50% reductions in SLI in cortex and hippocampus, respectively, and impaired escape latencies and spatial probe behavior in the Morris water task. Although cysteamine-treated rats displayed hypoactivity in the activity boxes, their swim speed in the Morris water task was unaffected. Cysteamine did not impair passive avoidance retention when administered immediately following training or prior to daily retention testing. These results suggest a role for somatostatin in spatially-mediated behaviors in rats.
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PMID:Morris water task impairment and hypoactivity following cysteamine-induced reductions of somatostatin-like immunoreactivity. 259 42

1. Cysteamine hydrochloride, which is a potent inhibitor of somatostatin secretion, was fed to male broiler chicks at dietary inclusion rates of 0, 25, 125, 250, 600, 1200, 1800 and 2400 mg/kg during three separate experiments. 2. Weight gain, food intake and efficiency of food utilisation were measured weekly over a two (experiment 1 and 2) or three-week period (experiment 3) during which chicks were 3 to 10 d old (week 1) to 17 to 24 d old (week 3). 3. Cysteamine hydrochloride included in the food at 1200 and 1800 mg/kg resulted in a significant increase in efficiency of food utilisation, attributable to a significant decrease in food intake. 4. There was no difference in weight gains between chicks in the control group and those receiving 1200 mg/kg. However a significant decrease in weight gain was observed in chicks receiving 1800 mg/kg.
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PMID:Effect of cysteamine administration on growth and efficiency of food utilisation in chicks. 340 85

Cysteamine (beta-mercaptoethylamine, MEA) is a naturally occurring sulfhydryl compound that depletes pituitary PRL, causes a reduction in brain and gut somatostatin (SRIF), and suppresses norepinephrine (NE) and epinephrine (EPI) synthesis by inhibition of dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DBH). SRIF inhibits GH and TSH secretion, whereas, NE and EPI facilitate their release. The objectives of this investigation were to: (1) determine the dose-response and time course of DBH inhibition by MEA in vivo and in vitro, and correlate these findings with MEA tissue levels and (2) assess the function of SRIF and NE/EPI in regulation of episodic GH and TSH secretion using MEA. Animals were administered MEA (75-300 mg/kg, s.c.) and hypothalamic levels of dopamine (DA), NE, EPI, serotonin (5-HT) and MEA were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and electrochemical detection. DBH activity was measured in vitro after exposure to MEA +/- N-ethylmaleimide (NEMI). Chronically cannulated rats were administered MEA (100 or 300 mg/Kg) and serial blood samples were removed in undisturbed animals, and after 30 min swimming stress. Cannulated rats with bilateral lesions of the ventromedial/arcuate nuclei (VMN/ARC) were administered MEA (150 mg/kg). MEA caused a dose-related decrease in NE/EPI nd in increase in DA at doses greater than or equal to 150 mg/kg. Tissue MEA was highest at 4 h (679 +/- 64 pM/mg tissue), but still measureable after 24 h. MEA inhibited DBH in vitro (95% inhibition at 10(-3) M); NEMI blocked inhibition. Stress-induced GH supression and corticosterone release were partially blocked by a low dose of MEA (100 mg/kg).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Cysteamine effects on monoamines, dopamine-beta-hydroxylase and the hypothalamic-pituitary axis. 408 89

The 24 endocrine pancreatic tumors and 14 carcinoids were examined immunohistochemically for cholecystokinin, insulin, gastrin, GIP, glucagon, sercretin, VIP, motilin, neurotensin, pancreatic polypeptide (PP), somatostatin, and ACTH. In 12 tumors of the pancreas more than one peptide-containing cell type was observed. The clinical symptoms showed hypersecretion of only one of the hormones, however. The midgut carcinoids (jejunum, appendix) represented the classical view of the carcinoid as an argentaffin cell tumor secreting 5-hydroxytryptamine. Tumors originating in the foregut (bronchus, stomach, duodenum) and hindgut carcinoids (rectum) were nonargentaffine, containing and secreting various polypeptide hormones. We conclude that light microscopic immunohistochemical methods are useful in distinguishing endocrine from nonendocrine tumors and multihormonal syndromes (MEA) in the classification of predominant hormone-secreting tumors.
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PMID:[Endocrine tumors of the gastrointestinal and pancreatic systems. Multiple endocrine adenoma from another viewpoint]. 610 39

Selective neurotoxins have been of value in providing a means for specifically interfering with the actions of endogenous neurotransmitter candidates. Others have shown cysteamine (CSH) to deplete the gastrointestinal tract and hypothalamus of rats of immunoreactive somatostatin, suggesting a toxic action of that compound directed against somatostatin-containing cells. The present study further defines the actions of cysteamine on somatostatin in the central nervous system. (CNS). Cysteamine hydrochloride administered subcutaneously results in a depletion of somatostatin-like immunoreactivity (SLI) in the retina, brain, and cervical spinal cord of rats. The effect is demonstrable at doses of 30 mg/kg of body weight and above, occurs within 2 to 4 hr of a single injection of the drug, and is largely reversible within 1 week. The mean depletion of SLI observed within the CNS varies from 38% in cerebral cortex to 65% in cervical spinal cord 24 hr following administration of CSH, 300 mg/kg of body weight, s.c. By gel permeation chromatography, all molecular weight forms of SLI are affected, with the largest reductions in those forms that co-chromatograph with synthetic somatostatin-14 and somatostatin-28. These results indicate that CSH has a generalized, rapid, and largely reversible effect in depleting SLI from the rat CNS.
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PMID:Depletion of somatostatin-like immunoreactivity in the rat central nervous system by cysteamine. 612 Oct 16

Cysteamine hydrochloride was administered to rabbits at doses ranging from 0.3 to 10 mg by two intravitreal injections 24 h apart. Retinal immunoreactive somatostatin concentrations were reduced by about 50% at 24 h following the second injection. At doses of 0.3-3 mg, there was no demonstrable effect on retinal concentrations of immunoreactive substance P or of dopamine. Ten milligrams of cysteamine produced non-specific retinal damage. Cysteamine injected locally into the retina is a relatively specific drug for depletion of somatostatin.
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PMID:The effect of cysteamine on immunoreactive somatostatin in the rabbit retina. 618 51

Prospective screening was carried out in 12 members of three families with multiple endocrine adenopathies, type I (MEA,I) and in 14 patients with no multiple endocrine adenopathies with and without other endorcinopathies. Elevated basal and responsive (after a meal) plasma concentrations of a relatively new candidate-hormone, human pancreatic polypeptide (hPP), were associated with pancreatic apudoma tumors in three asymptomatic patients with multiple endocrine adenopathies, type I. Two of these patients had excision of the tumors that resulted in normal plasma hPP concentrations postoperatively. Both tumors contained hPP predominantly by immunocytochemistry; one, a pure pancreatic polypeptide apudoma, was studied extensively demonstrating also by radioimmunoassay a high content of hPP and negligible amounts of insulin, glucagon, somatostatin, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide and gastrin. In this patient plasma concentrations of other polypeptides including insulin, glucagon, somatostatin, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, gastrin, parathyrin, thyrocalcitonin, prolactin, corticotropin, growth hormone, thyrtropin and amine, serotonin, were within normal limits. The other patient, after excision of an hPP-detected pancreatic mixed hPP-gastrinoma, also became eugastrinemic postoperatively. Normal basal plasma hPP concentrations, but with exaggerated hPP responses to a meal in 11 patients, were associated with various combinations of islet cell hyperplasia, antral G cell hyperplasia with moderate hypergastrinemia and parathyroid hyperplasia. The patients with multiple endocrine adenopathies who have demonstrated this type of increased hPP response to a meal have not been operated on but are at risk for islet hyperplasia. Four of the 12 patients with multiple endocrine adenopathies, type I, with both normal basal and normally responsive hPP concentrations have no evidence as yet of pancreatic involvement.
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PMID:Pancreatic polypeptide as screening marker for pancreatic polypeptide apudomas in multiple endocrinopathies. 624 7