Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P61278 (somatostatin)
 22,083 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

D-glyceraldehyde stimulated insulin secretion from isolated rat pancreatic islets in static incubation and perifusion systems. At low concentrations (2-4 mM) D-glyceraldehyde was a more potent secretagogue than glucose. The insulinotropic action of 15 mM D-glyceraldehyde was not affected by D-mannoheptulose, was potentiated by cytochalasin B (5 mug/ml) and theophylline (4 mM), and was inhibited by both adrenalin (2 muM) and somatostatin (10 mug/ml). D-glyceraldehyde at a concentration of 1.5 mM produced a 10-fold increase of L-[4,5-3H]leucine incorporation into proinsulin and insulin without a significant increase into other islet proteins. Glucose at 1.5 mM did not stimulate proinsulin biosynthesis. D-Glyceraldehyde at concentrations higher than 1.5 mM, in marked contrast to glucose, progressively inhibited incorporation of labelled leucine into proinsulin + insulin and other islet proteins. D-Glyceraldehyde also inhibited the oxidation of glucose. L-Glyceraldehyde did not stimulate proinsulin biosynthesis and had less effect than the D-isomer on insulin release and glucose oxidation. The results strongly suggest that metabolites below D-glyceraldehyde-3-P are signals for insulin biosynthesis and release. Interaction of D-glyceraldehyde with a "membrane receptor" cannot, however, be excluded with certainty.
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PMID:The effects of D- and L-glyceraldehyde on glucose oxidation, insulin secretion and insulin biosynthesis by pancreatic islets of the rat. 110 Jan 11

In mature rat sensory neurons, expression of the gene for the growth-associated protein, GAP43, was studied by in situ hybridization with a cDNA probe. Among neurons in normal lumbar dorsal root ganglia, labeling for GAP43 mRNA was heterogeneous, approximately one-half of the neurons being densely labeled. To characterize the latter population, individual neurons were examined in adjacent sections processed either for GAP43 hybridization or NGF-receptor radioautography. Virtually all neurons with high-affinity NGF binding sites had high basal levels of GAP43 mRNA and most GAP43-positive neurons bore NGF receptors. Another NGF-responsive population, sympathetic neurons in the superior cervical ganglion, also had high basal concentrations of GAP43 mRNA. Further co-localization studies in dorsal root ganglia were performed with immunohistochemistry for somatostatin and enzyme histochemistry for acid phosphatase. The latter 2 groups of sensory neurons have been previously shown to lack high-affinity receptors and were here shown to have low basal concentrations of GAP43 mRNA. From this and earlier studies, it can be assumed that substance P-immunoreactive neurons and strongly positive CGRP neurons synthesize GAP43 at high basal rate. One week following peripheral nerve transection, almost all neurons had high concentrations of GAP43 mRNA without correlation with NGF binding. Intrathecal infusion of NGF after the sciatic nerve was cut did not strongly influence this post-traumatic elevation in GAP mRNA. In normal dorsal root ganglia, neurons that have high-affinity NGF binding sites and are therefore potentially responsive to NGF also have high basal rates of synthesis of GAP43.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Correlation between GAP43 and nerve growth factor receptors in rat sensory neurons. 215 65

The present review summarizes the literature data and the results of authors' own research on the development, structure, function and regeneration of D-endocrinocytes of gastroenteropancreatic (GEP) system. The history of the research of these cells is reviewed and its current state of the problem is discussed. The information on the difference of somatostatin-producing D-endocrinocytes from other types of endocrine cells of GAP system is presented, namely, the prevalence of these cells in all the organs of the digestive system (stomach, small and large intestine, pancreas) and other systems of the body, the peculiarities of their structure and regeneration in various species of vertebrate animals and humans in embryonic development, under conditions of normal functioning and in various types of pathology. On the basis of the data on the early differentiation of D-endocrinocytes and their secretion of hormones during embryonic development, structure, cytophysiology and relationships within the general endocrinocyte population, it is suggested that D-endocrinocytes play an important role in the morpho-functional state of GEP system.
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PMID:[D-cells of the gastroenteropancreatic system: development, structure, function and regeneration (history and current state of the problem)]. 2595 35