Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P61278 (somatostatin)
 22,083 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

To determine whether an agent such as WY-41,747, a long-acting somatostatin analogue, could be useful as an adjunct to insulin in the treatment of diabetes mellitus, postprandial plasma glucose concentrations were determined in subjects with insulin-dependent diabetes rendered euglycemic with the Biostator insulin infusion device under four conditions: (1) subcutaneous minipump infusion of insulin alone (13 +/- 1 units) over 30 minutes beginning 30 minutes before ingestion of a meal using insulin doses determined by the Biostator; (2) the same conditions as 1 but beginning immediately before meal ingestion; (3) the same conditions as 1 but with less insulin (7 +/- 1 units) accompanied by the analogue (0.01-0.05 mg/kg); (4) the same conditions as 2 but with the analogue and less insulin (11 +/- 1 units). Administration of the somatostatin analogue increased the effectiveness of insulin in controlling postprandial hyperglycemia and permitted satisfactory postprandial glycemic control when the insulin infusion was initiated immediately before meal ingestion. Administration of the analogue suppressed postprandial plasma glucagon and triglyceride concentrations and delayed xylose absorption. These results suggest that subcutaneous administration of a long-acting somatostatin analogue such as WY-41,747 along with insulin may be clinically useful in the treatment of diabetes mellitus.
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PMID:Effects of a long-acting somatostatin analogue on postprandial hyperglycemia in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. 613 93

The effects of a zinc phosphate suspension of a long-acting, reportedly selective somatostatin analog, Des-Ala1,Gly2 [His4,5,D-Try]-somatostatin (100 micrograms/kg) on postprandial plasma glucose, glucagon, xylose and triglyceride levels were evaluated in alloxan diabetic dogs. Compared to the analog in aqueous solution, the zinc phosphate suspension had a more gradual onset of action in suppressing plasma glucose and xylose levels but a similar onset of action on suppression of plasma triglyceride and glucagon responses. On all these responses, the zinc suspension had a duration of action (greater than 6 hrs) at least three times as long as the aqueous solution. We conclude that such a somatostatin analog in zinc phosphate suspension may have a sufficient duration of action to be useful as an adjunct to insulin in the treatment of diabetes mellitus.
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PMID:Effect of a zinc phosphate suspension of a long-acting somatostatin analog on postprandial plasma glucose, triglyceride and glucagon concentrations in alloxan diabetic dogs. 615 Nov 11

Distinct carbohydrates influenced the in vitro permeation of the somatostatin analogue octapeptide octreotide through Caco-2 cell monolayers. Apical addition of 20 mM D-glucose or D-xylose resulted in a 2.3- or 3.4-fold increased octreotide permeation, respectively. However, supplementation with 20 mM L-glucose or 20 mM D-fructose showed no permeation enhancement. Basolateral addition of D-glucose or D-xylose had no significant effect on octreotide permeation. Apical medium supplementation with D-glucose or D-xylose increased permeation of the extracellular marker [14C]polyethylene glycol 4000, indicating that both carbohydrates directly affected the paracellular route of octreotide absorption. Presence of 1 mM phlorizin decreased octreotide permeation through monolayers in the presence of glucose on average by 12.8%, suggesting that the Na(+)-dependent glucose cotransporter might be partially involved in the enhancement of the absorption process of octreotide. Octreotide was absorbed from ligated jejunal loops of rat small intestine with an absolute absorption efficiency of about 0.3%. Coadministration of D-glucose of D-xylose resulted in a 2.2- or 1.9-fold increased absorption of octreotide, whereas D-fructose showed no effect. When the peptide was given in the presence of glucose and 1 mM phlorizin, a significant reduction of absorption enhancement could be observed. Phlorizin did not inhibit octreotide absorption, when the peptide was given in the absence of glucose. The data suggest that in vivo the active transepithelial flux of solutes such as glucose contributes to the enhancement of peptide absorption.
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PMID:Enteral absorption of octreotide: modulation of intestinal permeability by distinct carbohydrates. 763 46

The adverse gastrointestinal effects of octreotide, a synthetic analog of somatostatin, have not been fully elucidated. Low-dose octreotide frequently causes adverse gastrointestinal symptoms in normal individuals. We investigated the adverse gastrointestinal effects of high-dose octreotide, which is required for the normalization of growth hormone hypersecretion in some patients with acromegaly. Patients with acromegaly (N = 8) were treated with octreotide, 450 micrograms/day, then 1500 micrograms/day for two months at each dosage. Carbohydrate absorption was assessed using the D-xylose test, and fat absorption using fecal fat excretion and serum carotene concentrations, at baseline, at each dosage of octreotide, and after one month of washout. Ultrasonography was used to monitor for cholelithiasis. Growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor-I concentrations were significantly suppressed at both dosages. Adverse gastrointestinal symptoms were mild and transient. D-Xylose absorption remained normal at each dosage and after one month of washout. Fecal fat excretion increased from 7 +/- 2 to 12 +/- 2 g/24 hr (P < 0.05) after the higher dosage and resumed baseline levels after the washout. Mean fasting serum carotene levels remained normal, and carotene loading test (15,000 units three times a day for three days) was unreliable in identifying patients with high fecal fat. No new cholelithiasis was detected by ultrasonography. One of two patients with preexisting cholelithiasis developed biliary colic several days after the treatment period. Although steatorrhea was common, small intestinal absorptive capacity was otherwise unchanged by four months of high-dose octreotide treatment, which significantly suppressed growth hormone secretion in acromegalic patients.
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PMID:Effect of chronic octreotide treatment on intestinal absorption in patients with acromegaly. 842 42


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