Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P61278 (somatostatin)
 22,083 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Somatostatin enhances an inward rectifier K conductance in cultured locus coeruleus neurons, while substance P reduces an inward rectifier K conductance in cultured nucleus basalis and locus coeruleus neurons. The role of arachidonic acid metabolites in these responses was studied. The somatostatin-induced response was reduced by phospholipase A2 inhibitors, non-specific lipoxygenase inhibitors and specific 5-lipoxygenase inhibitors. A cyclooxygenase inhibitor and a 12-lipoxygenase inhibitor had no effect. 5(S)-HPETE occasionally increased the K conductance, but failed to occlude the somatostatin response. The substance P response was suppressed by a 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor but not by a 12-lipoxygenase inhibitor. These results suggest that the 5-lipoxygenase pathway is not a specific messenger of either one of these responses, but that it plays a more general role in maintaining or enhancing the effectiveness of both somatostatin and substance P responses.
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PMID:The role of arachidonic acid metabolism in somatostatin and substance P effects on inward rectifier K conductance in rat brain neurons. 753 42

We used electrophysiological methods in a slice preparation to study the mechanisms of somatostatin (SS) effects on hippocampal pyramidal neurons. SS hyperpolarizes hippocampal pyramidal neurons in part by augmenting the time- and voltage-dependent M-current (IM), which has been shown to be reduced by muscarinic agonists. The SS effects are abolished by the phospholipase A2 inhibitors 4-bromophenacyl bromide and quinacrine. Arachidonic acid (AA) mimics all the effects of SS on hippocampal pyramidal neurons. The effects of AA and SS on IM are blocked by the lipoxygenase inhibitor nordihydroguaiaretic acid but not by the cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin. Prostaglandins E2, F2 alpha, and I2 do not increase IM. However, the specific 5-lipoxygenase inhibitors 5,6-methanoleukotriene A4 methylester and 5,6-dehydroarachidonic acid both blocked the IM-augmenting action of either SS or AA. Leukotriene C4 (but not leukotriene B4) increases IM to the same extent as AA. IM was not altered by the 12-lipoxygenase product 12-hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acid, and SS effects were not altered by the 12-lipoxygenase inhibitor baicalein. These data implicate 5-lipoxygenase metabolite(s) (probably leukotriene C4) as a mediator for the IM-augmenting effect of SS. In addition, when the IM effect is blocked by lipoxygenase inhibitors, both SS and AA elicit another outward current that is not blocked by either lipoxygenase or cyclooxygenase inhibitors, suggesting a direct role of AA itself distinct from the IM effect. SS did not alter significantly Ca(2+)-dependent action potentials or, in whole-cell recordings, inward currents likely to represent high-threshold Ca2+ currents. The combined results of these studies suggest that SS hyperpolarizes hippocampal neurons by two mechanisms, both mediated through the AA system. However, one mechanism (IM) involves a metabolite of AA and is most effective at slightly depolarized potentials, whereas the other may involve AA itself and be more effective at membrane potentials near rest.
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PMID:Somatostatin inhibition of hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons: mediation by arachidonic acid and its metabolites. 809 29