Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P61278 (somatostatin)
 22,083 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Oral carbohydrate tolerance tests with xylose, galactose and lactose were performed. After an interval of at least 24 h the same tests were repeated following an i.v. bolus and during infusion of somatostatin. Somatostatin does not influence xylose absorption. However, absorption of galactose and lactose is significantly reduced (p less than 0.01/0.008) during somatostatin infusion. On the other hand, serum levels of galactose remain unchanged despite administration of somatostatin, when galactose is given parenterally. The results support the assumption that the absorption process in small intestine is affected by somatostatin. Possible effects of somatostatin on hormones regulating the intestinal absorption and on energy-depending carrier mechanisms are discussed.
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PMID:Influence of somatostatin on carbohydrate absorption in human small intestine. 43 79

An in vitro human nasal model was developed as a tool to study the local tolerability of nasal powder forms using excised nasal mucosa in a diffusion chamber. The suitability of this model was tested using Sandostatin (SMS) an octapeptide analog of somatostatin, as a reference drug enhanced by Avicel (microcrystalline cellulose) or lactose (100 mesh). The standard nasal spray vehicle was taken as a harmless control and 1% chenodeoxycholate (CDC) as a harmful control in terms of local tolerability. The extent of peptide permeation was determined by measuring SMS concentration in the receiving chamber. The labeling of SMS was detected by immunoperoxidase staining on cross sections. The local tolerability for all tested forms was assessed by histopathological examination and scanning electron microscopy. The apparent permeation coefficient allowed us to rank the absorption of the tested drug forms as Avicel > spray = lactose > 1%CDC. For all formulations, SMS was detected in the epithelium. No changes of the nasal mucosa could be observed with Avicel, lactose or nasal spray vehicle in the presence or absence of SMS. 1%CDC with or without drug showed an immediate destruction of the nasal epithelium. The validation of this in vitro model using human nasal mucosa will be further discussed as a tool for assessing the local tolerability of intranasally applied test substances.
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PMID:In vitro tolerability of human nasal mucosa: histopathological and scanning electron-microscopic evaluation of nasal forms containing Sandostatin. 860 10

Octastatin (vapreotide INN) is a somatostatin analogue being developed in gastro-enterologic, neuroendocrine and oncologic applications. The pharmaceutical form is a freeze-dried preparation for parental injection use. This study was intended to evaluate the stability of the freeze-dried products and to determine the optimally stable formulation. Two types of stabilizing agents (lactose and glutamic acid/sodium glutamate buffer) and three dosage forms (0.5, 1.5, 15 mg of vapreotide base) were investigated. The peptide content and chemical stability of cakes stored at 50 degrees C and 70% relative humidity were determined by HPLC and the regression analysis parameters calculated. Results indicate that the formulation with glutamate buffer is appropriate for long term storage.
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PMID:Stabilization of Octastatin, a somatostatin analogue: comparative accelerated stability studies of two formulations for freeze-dried products. 881 May 82

Feeding during milking has been shown to influence milk production, milk flow and milking time as well as the secretion of the pituitary hormones oxytocin and prolactin, and the gastrointestinal hormone somatostatin. However, it is not known whether feeding before or after milking has any effect. The aim of the present study was to investigate how the timing of feeding relative to milking influences milk production and flow, milking time and hormone secretion. The trial was carried out over 9 weeks with 24 cows at varying stages of lactation. Each treatment period lasted for 3 weeks, including one registration week. The cows were fed ad lib. and were exposed to three treatments: feeding 1.5 h before milking (FBM), feeding at exactly the same time as milking (FDM) and feeding 1.5 h after milking (FAM). The most marked treatment effect was observed during morning milking. FDM resulted in higher milk production and higher yields of protein and lactose. FAM produced a lower fat yield and a lower fat content compared with FDM, and a lower lactose content than either FBM and FDM. Milking time was longer when cows were fed during milking, but no significant effects on milk flow were found. The amount of milk collected during the first 2 min of milking was lower when cows were fed after milking. Milking-related oxytocin and somatostatin secretion was lower in FAM than in FDM. The level of prolactin was lower when cows were fed before or after than during milking. More studies are needed to elucidate whether there is a long-term effect on milk production related to the discussed milking routines.
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PMID:Effect of feeding before, during and after milking on milk production and the hormones oxytocin, prolactin, gastrin and somatostatin. 1037 38

Veal calves fed by bucket often develop postprandial insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, and glucosuria during fattening. Automatic feeding systems allow feed intake for 24 h, and small ingested portions are expected to decrease postprandial glucose loads. We have studied metabolic and endocrine traits in calves that were either 1) fed identical daily amounts of whole milk plus milk replacer by a computer-programmed automatic feeder (> or =6 portions from 0800 to 2400 h) (GrA) or 2) fed by bucket at 0800 and 1630 h (GrB). Calves started at a body weight of 118 kg, and the experiment lasted for 3 wk. During wk 3, lactose was supplemented to stress postabsorptive glucose homeostasis. Feed intake and average daily gains in GrA and GrB were similar. Plasma concentrations during an 8-h period of glucose (in part), lactate, urea, and somatostatin (in wk 3), and of glucagon and insulin (wk 2 and 3) were smaller in GrA than in GrB, whereas growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor I, insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 (wk 2), and prolactin concentrations (wk 2 and 3) were higher. Lactose supplementation in wk 3 enhanced transient postprandial hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia. Thus, there were marked metabolic and endocrine differences when calves sucked their feed in six or more portions during a 16-h period from an automatic feeder compared with twice daily drinking from a bucket. Ingestion of small portions by calves avoided marked hyperglycemia and lactate increments, and lower plasma urea concentrations mirrored enhanced nitrogen utilization, possibly mediated by the altered growth hormone, IGF-I and insulin status.
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PMID:Postprandial metabolism and endocrine status in veal calves fed at different frequencies. 1110 67