Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P61278 (somatostatin)
 22,083 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We have measured substance P-like (SPLI) and somatostatin-like (SLI) immunoreactivities in cerebrospinal fluid of 49 patients with peripheral (polyneuropathy, lumboischialgia) and spinal cord disease and in 16 control patients. The patient groups showed significantly higher CSF SPLI levels than controls while the mean SLI levels were unchanged. Fractionated sampling of CSF (total volume 30 ml) in 20 patients with various neurological diseases showed no significant differences between early and late fractions for SLI. In contrast, lumbar-cisternal concentration gradients were negative for SPLI, total protein and IgG, and positive for the dopamine metabolite homovanillic acid and the serotonin metabolite 5-hydroxyindolacetic acid. This suggests that SPLI may be released into the lumbar CSF from lower levels of the neuraxis, presumably the spinal cord and spinal ganglia, whereas SLI stems from diffuse CSF secretion without spinal preponderance.
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PMID:Cerebrospinal fluid immunoreactive substance P and somatostatin in neurological patients with peripheral and spinal cord disease. 246 7

CSF somatostatin and homovanillic acid (HVA) were measured in 14 schizophrenic patients while they were drug-free and during chronic fluphenazine treatment. CSF somatostatin was significantly reduced and CSF HVA was significantly elevated (p less than 0.002) during fluphenazine treatment. There was a trend toward correlation between CSF somatostatin and CSF HVA in the 14 schizophrenic patients when drug-free (r = 0.49, p less than 0.07) and fluphenazine-treated (r = 0.47, p less than 0.08). When examined in a larger group (n = 46) of drug-free schizophrenics, this relationship was highly significant (r = 0.59, p less than 0.001). These clinical data are consistent with preclinical evidence indicating a functional interaction between CNS somatostatin and dopamine systems.
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PMID:Fluphenazine treatment reduces CSF somatostatin in patients with schizophrenia: correlations with CSF HVA. 256 87

Cysteamine (CYS) is known to be a quite specific depletor of somatostatin in the rat brain. In the present study we investigated the effect of CYS (100 mg/kg, 300 mg/kg, subcutaneously) on levels of somatostatin-like immunoreactivity (SLI) in the brain and cerebrospinal fluid, on catecholamines in the cortex, and on spectral cortical electroencephalogram (EEG) of rat. SLI was decreased in both the cortex and the striatum (p less than 0.05) of CYS-treated rats, but no change was seen in SLI of CSF. Cortical levels of dopamine, noradrenaline and homovanillic acid were decreased (p less than 0.05) following administration of either dose of CYS. In EEG, during mobility both the frontal and occipital peak (Fp) and mean (Fm) frequencies were slowed (p less than 0.05). Frontally, the amplitude of the frequency bands 1.5-3Hz and 3-5Hz was increased (p less than 0.05). During immobility the Fp and Fm were also slowed. In frequency bands of 3-5Hz, 5-10Hz and 10-20Hz the amplitude was decreased (p less than 0.05), indicating that, in addition to theta frequency, the low voltage fast activity is also affected by CYS. According to our results, both the cortical intrinsic neurons containing somatostatin and also the ascending catecholaminergic systems are affected after the single administration of CYS concomittantly with, but not necessarily related to, changes in different frequency bands in EEG.
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PMID:Effect of cysteamine on levels of somatostatin-like immunoreactivity and catecholamines and on electroencephalogram in the rat brain. 257 Nov 5

Cerebrospinal fluid somatostatin-like immunoreactivity (CSF SLI) was determined for 67 elderly patients who met the DSM-III criteria for delirium and for 19 age-matched controls. As a group, and also when subdivided according to the type of delirium, severity of cognitive decline or the type of central nervous system disease, the delirious patients showed significant reductions of SLI compared with the controls, together with a declining trend associated with increasing cognitive dysfunction. These findings are in accordance with previous observations that reduced CSF SLI is associated with diseases in which cognitive function is disturbed and they extend this finding to delirium.
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PMID:Cerebrospinal fluid somatostatin in delirium. 257 25

Radioimmunoassays of brain extracts have shown that several peptides occur in high concentrations in the CNS. The releasing-factor peptides TRF, LRF, somatostatin, CRF and GRF have the highest concentration in the hypothalamic extracts. High levels of somatostatin, CCK octapeptide, neuropeptide Y (NPY) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) are found in cortical extracts. Substance P, CCK, NPY, and enkephalins are present in high concentrations in basal ganglia and mesolimbic areas. Pharmacological doses of these peptides result in several behavioural and vegetative effects. Immunocytochemical studies show that the CNS peptides are localised in neurones and in synaptic vesicles. In vitro studies with brain tissues show that peptides are capable of modifying the ongoing classical neurotransmission. In depressive patients several neuropeptides (CCK, CRF and NPY) have been shown to have low CSF levels. Patients dying of senile dementia have low cortical levels of somatostatin, CRF and substance P. In schizophrenic patients CCK peptides have shown to improve some symptoms. At present the therapeutic potentials of peptides are poorly known. More studies are required to understand their role in neurotransmission and related pathological states.
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PMID:Peptides and neurotransmission in the central nervous system. 282 29

Cerebrospinal fluid from 31 normals and two groups of phenomenologically similar schizophrenics (n = 72) were collected by identical methods. Radioimmunoassay of CSF was carried out for somatostatin, bombesin, and cholecystokinin. One group of schizophrenics had increased baseline somatostatin and cholecystokinin, and decreased bombesin. No CSF gradient effect was found for the peptides nor were their levels affected by probenecid or pimozide treatment. An inverse correlation was found between bombesin and psychosis rating. Intercorrelation between the peptides and HVA, 5-HIAA, and MHPG were not significant.
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PMID:Cerebrospinal fluid cholecystokinin, bombesin and somatostatin in schizophrenia and normals. 285 35

This paper reports the reduction of the concentration of the neuropeptide somatostatin in the CSF of patients with affective illness during treatment with the anticonvulsant carbamazepine. None of the other psychotropic agents used in this study similarly affected CSF somatostatin, although zimelidine appeared to increase CSF somatostatin in a small number of patients. The potential mechanism and significance of the effects of carbamazepine on CSF somatostatin are discussed in relation to the psychotropic, anticonvulsant, and analgesic properties of carbamazepine.
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PMID:Effects of carbamazepine on cerebrospinal fluid somatostatin. 286 20

Somatostatin was measured in CSF from individuals with a variety of neurologic diseases. In ventricular CSF, somatostatin concentration was significantly lower in individuals with childhood-onset dystonia than in individuals with other forms of dystonia or with other disorders. Severity of childhood dystonia correlated with somatostatin concentration, suggesting a progressive dysfunction of somatostatin-containing neurons with increasing disease severity. There were no significant differences in somatostatin concentration in lumbar CSF. Multiple forms of immunoreactive somatostatin were found in a pool of lumbar CSF from normal individuals. Labeled somatostatin administered intra-arterially to rats failed to cross the blood-brain barrier.
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PMID:Ventricular fluid somatostatin concentration decreases in childhood-onset dystonia. 286 69

Concentrations of somatostatin-like immunoreactivity (SLI) in CSF were reduced in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and multi-infarct dementia (p less than 0.01), but not in normal-pressure hydrocephalus, Parkinson's disease, and Huntington's disease. This suggests that reduced SLI content in AD cerebral cortex is reflected in CSF. Chromatographic characterization of CSF SLI showed no differences between AD and controls. Concentrations of SLI in AD patients overlapped those in both normal subjects and patients with multi-infarct dementia, so that changes in CSF SLI have no diagnostic specificity.
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PMID:CSF somatostatin-like immunoreactivity in dementia. 286 29

The relationship between CSF somatostatin and peripheral thyroid hormones was assessed in 11 affectively ill patients before and during carbamazepine treatment. A direct relationship between CSF somatostatin and plasma thyroxine and free thyroxine, but not triiodothyronine, was observed both while patients were medication-free and during carbamazepine treatment. These first data in man are consistent with those in animals, suggesting a close interrelationship between somatostatin and thyroid regulation.
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PMID:Relationship between cerebrospinal fluid somatostatin and peripheral thyroid hormones with carbamazepine treatment. 287 Apr 42


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