Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P61278 (somatostatin)
 22,083 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Cysteamine (beta-mercaptoethylamine, MEA) is a naturally occurring sulfhydryl compound that depletes pituitary PRL, causes a reduction in brain and gut somatostatin (SRIF), and suppresses norepinephrine (NE) and epinephrine (EPI) synthesis by inhibition of dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DBH). SRIF inhibits GH and TSH secretion, whereas, NE and EPI facilitate their release. The objectives of this investigation were to: (1) determine the dose-response and time course of DBH inhibition by MEA in vivo and in vitro, and correlate these findings with MEA tissue levels and (2) assess the function of SRIF and NE/EPI in regulation of episodic GH and TSH secretion using MEA. Animals were administered MEA (75-300 mg/kg, s.c.) and hypothalamic levels of dopamine (DA), NE, EPI, serotonin (5-HT) and MEA were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and electrochemical detection. DBH activity was measured in vitro after exposure to MEA +/- N-ethylmaleimide (NEMI). Chronically cannulated rats were administered MEA (100 or 300 mg/Kg) and serial blood samples were removed in undisturbed animals, and after 30 min swimming stress. Cannulated rats with bilateral lesions of the ventromedial/arcuate nuclei (VMN/ARC) were administered MEA (150 mg/kg). MEA caused a dose-related decrease in NE/EPI nd in increase in DA at doses greater than or equal to 150 mg/kg. Tissue MEA was highest at 4 h (679 +/- 64 pM/mg tissue), but still measureable after 24 h. MEA inhibited DBH in vitro (95% inhibition at 10(-3) M); NEMI blocked inhibition. Stress-induced GH supression and corticosterone release were partially blocked by a low dose of MEA (100 mg/kg).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Cysteamine effects on monoamines, dopamine-beta-hydroxylase and the hypothalamic-pituitary axis. 408 89

The 24 endocrine pancreatic tumors and 14 carcinoids were examined immunohistochemically for cholecystokinin, insulin, gastrin, GIP, glucagon, sercretin, VIP, motilin, neurotensin, pancreatic polypeptide (PP), somatostatin, and ACTH. In 12 tumors of the pancreas more than one peptide-containing cell type was observed. The clinical symptoms showed hypersecretion of only one of the hormones, however. The midgut carcinoids (jejunum, appendix) represented the classical view of the carcinoid as an argentaffin cell tumor secreting 5-hydroxytryptamine. Tumors originating in the foregut (bronchus, stomach, duodenum) and hindgut carcinoids (rectum) were nonargentaffine, containing and secreting various polypeptide hormones. We conclude that light microscopic immunohistochemical methods are useful in distinguishing endocrine from nonendocrine tumors and multihormonal syndromes (MEA) in the classification of predominant hormone-secreting tumors.
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PMID:[Endocrine tumors of the gastrointestinal and pancreatic systems. Multiple endocrine adenoma from another viewpoint]. 610 39

Prospective screening was carried out in 12 members of three families with multiple endocrine adenopathies, type I (MEA,I) and in 14 patients with no multiple endocrine adenopathies with and without other endorcinopathies. Elevated basal and responsive (after a meal) plasma concentrations of a relatively new candidate-hormone, human pancreatic polypeptide (hPP), were associated with pancreatic apudoma tumors in three asymptomatic patients with multiple endocrine adenopathies, type I. Two of these patients had excision of the tumors that resulted in normal plasma hPP concentrations postoperatively. Both tumors contained hPP predominantly by immunocytochemistry; one, a pure pancreatic polypeptide apudoma, was studied extensively demonstrating also by radioimmunoassay a high content of hPP and negligible amounts of insulin, glucagon, somatostatin, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide and gastrin. In this patient plasma concentrations of other polypeptides including insulin, glucagon, somatostatin, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, gastrin, parathyrin, thyrocalcitonin, prolactin, corticotropin, growth hormone, thyrtropin and amine, serotonin, were within normal limits. The other patient, after excision of an hPP-detected pancreatic mixed hPP-gastrinoma, also became eugastrinemic postoperatively. Normal basal plasma hPP concentrations, but with exaggerated hPP responses to a meal in 11 patients, were associated with various combinations of islet cell hyperplasia, antral G cell hyperplasia with moderate hypergastrinemia and parathyroid hyperplasia. The patients with multiple endocrine adenopathies who have demonstrated this type of increased hPP response to a meal have not been operated on but are at risk for islet hyperplasia. Four of the 12 patients with multiple endocrine adenopathies, type I, with both normal basal and normally responsive hPP concentrations have no evidence as yet of pancreatic involvement.
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PMID:Pancreatic polypeptide as screening marker for pancreatic polypeptide apudomas in multiple endocrinopathies. 624 7