Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UNIPROT:P61278 (somatostatin)
 22,083 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Hepatoblastoma exhibits a wide range of epithelial and mesenchymal lines of differentiation. Neuroendocrine differentiation in this tumor has not previously been reported. We investigated seven hepatoblastomas of different subtypes (five pure epithelial hepatoblastomas, including one small-cell hepatoblastoma, and two mixed hepatoblastomas) using a broad panel of antibodies against epithelial, mesenchymal, neural, and neuroendocrine markers, alpha-1-antitrypsin (alpha 1-AT), alpha-1-antichymotrypsin (alpha 1-ACT), alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), serotonin, and 14 regulatory peptides. Chromogranin A-immunoreactive neuroendocrine tumor cells, some of which also exhibited immunoreactivity for serotonin and somatostatin, were found in the fetal and embryonal parts of the mixed hepatoblastomas. The osteoid-like material in the mixed hepatoblastomas contained cells with immunoreactivity for chromogranin A, neuron-specific enolase, keratin, and alpha 1-AT, alpha 1-ACT, AFP, and CEA, in addition to S-100 protein and vimentin. Parallels to the neuroendocrine differentiation in hepatoblastomas are found in tumors of the gastrointestinal tract and bronchopulmonary tree. These tumors may also exhibit a neuroendocrine component; that is, multidirectional differentiation may occur, as in hepatoblastoma. The immunoreactivity of some of the cells of the osteoid-like material for keratin, alpha 1-AT, alpha 1-ACT, AFP, CEA, and chromogranin A suggests that these cells--and probably the surrounding material--are of epithelial origin.
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PMID:Neuroendocrine differentiation in hepatoblastoma. An immunohistochemical investigation. 216 15

A large number of endocrine tumors express somatostatin receptors, and the use of radiolabeled somatostatin analogs has been recently introduced for their localization. Using in vivo scintigraphy with 111In-pentetreotide, primary tumor localizations were demonstrated in 3/3 carcinoids (2 intestinal carcinoids and 1 lung ACTH-secreting carcinoid; in 2 patients liver metastases larger than 1 cm were visualized), in 1/1 GH-secreting pituitary macroadenoma, and in 1/1 thyroid localization of MTC. Bone and/or lymph node metastases were imaged in 2/4 patients previously treated for MTC, with persistently high CT and CEA levels; in the other 2 patients the other scintigraphic techniques were also negative. Octreotide scintigraphy was negative in 2/2 insulinomas and in 2/2 ACT-producing pituitary adenomas. In 2 patients with carcinoid syndrome and 1 patient with Cushing syndrome due to ectopic ACTH, octreotide therapy induced a significant decrease in tumoral markers. Our preliminary data are in agreement with the results of larger series reported in literature: octreotide scintigraphy is a useful noninvasive tool to detect endocrine tumors expressing somatostatin receptors, particularly for carcinoids. It is of great use in the differential diagnosis of Cushing syndrome due to ectopic ACTH. Moreover, 111In-pentetreotide scintigraphy may be useful in selecting patients who may benefit from octreotide therapy to control hormonal hypersecretion effects.
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PMID:111In-octreotide scintigraphy in endocrine tumors. Preliminary data. 900 67