Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P61278 (somatostatin)
 22,083 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In the present study a randomized cross-over design was used to determine the clinical usefulness of adding 16 g of beet fiber to the ordinary diet of non-insulin dependent diabetic (NIDDM) out-patients. In addition, fiber effects on the gastrointestinal hormone responses to a standardized test meal were evaluated. The study included five patients treated with diet alone and eight patients treated with diet and sulphonylurea (SU). Beet fiber supplementation resulted in a 10% reduction (P less than 0.01) of serum cholesterol in SU-treated patients. No differences were found for fasting blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin, serum triglycerides or body weight. In the diet-treated patients, fasting plasma somatostatin was elevated during the fiber period. However, postprandial responses of insulin, C-peptide, glucagon, gastric inhibitory peptide and somatostatin were not influenced by an increased fiber intake in any group. All patients experienced mild gastrointestinal discomfort during the fiber period. In view of the limited metabolic benefit of beet fiber treatment we conclude that there is little use for this type of dietary fiber in the routine treatment of patients with NIDDM.
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PMID:Metabolic effects and clinical value of beet fiber treatment in NIDDM patients. 185 Jun 91

SMS 201 995 is a new long acting analogue of somatostatin. We have investigated its effect on basal and meal stimulated secretion of gut hormones and have shown that after a single s.c. injection of 50 micrograms it lowers significantly the basal plasma levels of pancreatic polypeptide, secretin, motilin, pancreatic glucagon and insulin, it also effectively suppresses the postprandial release of pancreatic polypeptide, gastrin, secretin, gastric inhibitory peptide, pancreatic glucagon and insulin. Except for the usual brief discomfort of an injection, no symptoms or untoward effects were observed.
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PMID:Effect of long acting somatostatin-analogue, SMS 201 995, on gut hormone secretion in normal subjects. 286 Nov 6

In patients who present with chronic unexplained upper abdominal pain or discomfort (functional dyspepsia), therapy should ideally be targeted on correcting the individual's disturbed pathophysiology. Here, putative mechanisms implicated in functional dyspepsia and potential approaches to therapy are critically reviewed in order to determine if targeting treatment is of value. Pharmacological therapies reviewed include those that aim to correct disordered gastric emptying (e.g. cisapride, dopaminergic receptor antagonists, macrolides), reduce visceral hypersensitivity (e.g. somatostatin analogues, cholecystokinin antagonists, opioid agonists, serotonin type 3 receptor antagonists), reduce gastric acid secretion (e.g. H2-blockers, acid pump inhibitors), cure Helicobacter pylori infection, enhance muscosal defence (e.g. sucralfate, bismuth) or modify central nervous system processes. It is concluded that the imperfectly understood pathophysiology of functional dyspepsia contributes to the paucity of established efficacious therapies.
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PMID:Review article: functional dyspepsia--should treatment be targeted on disturbed physiology? 760 50

Somatostatin or its analogue octreotide (OCT) has previously been shown to modulate gastric emptying, intestinal motor activity and visceral sensation. In the current study we sought to determine the effect of a single dose of OCT (1.25 micrograms kg-1 s.c.), which has previously been shown to have both motor and sensory effects, on proximal gastric compliance and on conscious perception of gastric distention. Gastric distention was performed in 13 healthy male volunteers, by either slow ramp distention (60 ml min-1) or by intermittent pressure steps (phasic distention; 4-20 mmHg) using an electronic distention device. Compliance curves (pressure-volume relationship), and thresholds for innocuous (fullness) and noxious sensations (discomfort, pain) were determined following vehicle or OCT injection. OCT consistently and significantly reduced the rate of the gastric accommodation reflex by 50%, resulting in a reduced compliance at distention pressures greater than 10 mmHg during phasic distention. In contrast, no effect was observed on the compliance curve obtained during ramp distention. OCT selectively increased the threshold for fullness during both ramp and phasic distention. During phasic distention, OCT decreased the volume thresholds for noxious (pain) sensations experienced at volumes greater than 300 ml, without affecting the corresponding pressure threshold. These findings suggest that at low distension volumes, OCT in the dosage used has a direct inhibitory effect on afferents mediating innocuous gastric sensations. The hyperalgesic effect observed during phasic distention may be secondary to OCT's inhibitory effect on the gastric accommodation reflex.
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PMID:The effect of octreotide on human gastric compliance and sensory perception. 853 62

We report an unusual pedunculated polyp in the stomach in a 41-year-old woman. She was hospitalized because of epigastric discomfort. Endoscopy revealed a polyp with a long stalk in the fundus of the stomach. The polypectomyzed polyp measured 23 x 18 x 9 mm and was characterized by submucosal proliferation of glands and cystic dilatation. The surface of the polyp was covered with gastric mucosa of fundic or pyloric gland type. The glandular structures consisted of various types of lining cells, including pyloric or mucous-neck cell type, surface mucous (foveolar) cell type, parietal-like cells, and somatostatin-positive cells. The submucosal glandular or cystic elements were connected with the overlying gastric mucosa through a defect of the muscularis mucosa, suggesting that this polyp may have been formed by the heterotopic inverted downgrowth of mucous glands into the submucosa. We discuss the histogenesis of this rare polyp and present a review of the literature.
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PMID:Unusual gastric polyp showing submucosal proliferation of glands: case report and literature review. 977 38

RC-160 (octastatin/vapreotide) is a potent octapeptide analogue of somatostatin with growth inhibitory activity in experimental tumours in vitro and in vivo, including breast cancer. We evaluated the efficacy and tolerability of high-dose RC-160, 3 mg day(-1) on week 1 increased to 4.5 mg day(-1) for weeks 2-4 and subsequently 6 mg day(-1) until the end of treatment, administered by continuous subcutaneous infusion in the management of 14 women with previously treated metastatic breast cancer. The age range was 37-80 years (median 58.5 years) and performance status 0-2. The treatment was well tolerated with no dose reductions being required. No grade 3 or 4 toxicities were seen. Abscess formation developed at the infusion site in eight patients and erythema and discomfort was seen in a further three patients. A significant reduction in IGF-I levels occurred by day 7 and was maintained throughout the treatment. The lowest dose of RC-160 produced the maximal IGF-I response. Although there was no reduction in prolactin levels in patients whose baseline levels were normal, elevated prolactin levels found in three patients fell to within the normal range 7 days after commencing RC-160 treatment. A small but significant rise in fasting blood glucose levels was also recorded, the highest level on treatment being 7.6 mmol l(-1). No objective tumour responses were observed, all patients showing disease progression within 3 months of commencing treatment. These findings demonstrate that high-dose RC-160, administered as a continuous subcutaneous infusion, can reduce serum levels of the breast growth factors IGF-I and prolactin but is ineffective in the management of metastatic breast cancer. Encouraging preclinical anti-tumour activity and the favourable toxicity profile in patients suggest the merit of future studies combining RC-160 with anti-oestrogen, cytotoxic and anti-angiogenic agents.
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PMID:Phase II study of RC-160 (vapreotide), an octapeptide analogue of somatostatin, in the treatment of metastatic breast cancer. 1018 84

Five hyperthyroid patients with TSH-secreting pituitary adenoma were treated with octreotide. Acute administration of octreotide decreased plasma TSH levels in all patients (mean decrease, 50.6 +/- 14%). Treatment with octreotide (25-300 microg/day) for 2-360 weeks resulted in reductions in plasma TSH and alpha-subunit levels in three patients, and serum free thyroxine levels were normalized with concomitant clinical improvements such as disappearance of excessive sweating, tachycardia and finger tremors. In two patients, plasma TSH and free thyroxine levels were initially decreased, but tachyphylaxis occurred 3 and 10 weeks after the initiation of therapy. Mild to marked shrinkage of the tumor was observed 2-50 weeks later in four patients. Shrinkage of the tumor seems to be reversible in one case. Frequent bowel movements and epigastric discomfort occurred in two patient. Somatostatin receptor subtype 2 (sst2) mRNAs were detected in two adenoma tissues studied by RT-PCR. Long-term treatment with octreotide is effective in controlling hyperthyroidism and tumor growth in patients with TSH-secreting pituitary adenoma.
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PMID:Treatment of thyrotropin-secreting pituitary adenomas with octreotide. 1042 75

To evaluate the tolerability of insulin suppression test (IST) using octreotide instead of somatostatin, we compared the steady-state plasma glucose (SSPG) values and the safety during and after the test in 17 normal volunteers. The subject received IST twice (with somatostatin or with octreotide) in random order. During the test, all subjects were infused with regular insulin and glucose simultaneously for 180 min. In addition, either somatostatin or octreotide was infused intravenously over the same period of time. Plasma glucose, insulin and C-peptide were measured. The subject response to the test was recorded during and one day after the test by a structured questionnaire. The SSPG and the steady-state plasma insulin (SSPI) values reached during IST were similar, irrespective of the use of somatostatin or octreotide. There was a positive correlation between the SSPG values obtained from both methods (r = 0.67, P = 0.003). However, the mean intra-individual coefficient of variation is 17.9% for SSPG. The SSPG levels, no matter from which method, correlated positively with the 2-h insulin after oral glucose challenge. Most adverse events (especially gastrointestinal discomfort) occurred after the test, and increased much more after using octreotide than somatostatin (P = 0.002 by chi 2 test). In conclusion, the SSPG values measured by IST using octreotide or somatostatin are similar in normal healthy subjects. Yet, the octreotide method has more adverse events after the test.
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PMID:A comparison of insulin suppression tests performed with somatostatin and octreotide with particular reference to tolerability. 1126 91

The presence of somatostatin receptors on TSH-secreting pituitary adenomas allows treatment of central hyperthyroidism with somatostatin analogs. Six women and 5 men (mean +/- SEM age, 43 +/- 3 yr) presented TSH-secreting pituitary adenomas (micro, n = 2; macro, n = 9). Seven patients had previously been treated with partial surgical removal (n = 6) and/or external radiation (n = 4) of their adenoma at least 1 yr before the study, whereas 4 patients had not been treated before somatostatin analog therapy. TSH, free T(4), and free T(3) levels were in the normal range during treatment with sc injections (n = 9) or continuous infusion (n = 2) of octreotide (280 +/- 25 microg/day). Mean thyroid hormone levels increased (P < 0.01) after the washout period (34 +/- 6 days). The patients received monthly im injections of 20 mg Octreotide-LAR. In patients with an elevated free T(4) level after 3 months (n = 1) the Octreotide-LAR dose was increased to 30 mg. After 3 months of Octreotide-LAR treatment, TSH, free T(4)/T(3), and alpha-subunit levels decreased, and 10 patients were euthyroid with normal free T(4) levels. These results remained at the same level over the next 3 months. There were no statistically significant differences in the TSH and free T(4) responses to sc octreotide or im Octreotide-LAR between previously untreated patients and patients who had undergone surgical resection and/or pituitary radiation before somatostatin analog treatment. During Octreotide-LAR treatment, minor digestive problems or moderate discomfort at the injection site, lasting less than 48 h, were reported in 6 and 5 patients, respectively. Gallbladder echographies did not reveal new gallstones during Octreotide-LAR treatment. In conclusion, this study shows that monthly im Octreotide-LAR is as effective as daily sc octreotide in controlling hyperthyroidism in patients with TSH-secreting pituitary adenomas, in both previously untreated patients and patients treated with surgery and/or pituitary radiotherapy. Octreotide-LAR is well tolerated, except for minor digestive problems or mild pain at the injection site. Therefore, Octreotide-LAR appears to be a useful therapeutic tool to facilitate medical treatment of TSH-secreting pituitary adenomas in patients who need long-term somatostatin analog therapy.
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PMID:Efficacy of the long-acting octreotide formulation (octreotide-LAR) in patients with thyrotropin-secreting pituitary adenomas. 1139 98

Pulmonary carcinoid tumors are neuroendocrine malignant tumors that make up 1% to 2% of all lung tumors. According to histopathologic criteria, carcinoids can be divided into typical (TC) and atypical (AC) carcinoids. Carcinoids can be placed in a spectrum of neuroendocrine tumors, ranging from low-grade malignant TC to intermediate AC to high-grade large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma and small-cell lung carcinoma. Familial pulmonary carcinoids are rare. The most common symptoms are hemoptysis, cough, recurrent pulmonary infection, fever, chest discomfort and chest pain, unilateral wheezing, and shortness of breath. Paraneoplastic syndromes are rare and include carcinoid syndrome, Cushing's syndrome, and ectopic growth hormone-releasing hormone secretion. The diagnosis is usually established by flexible bronchoscopy and biopsy, although occasionally this can result in severe hemorrhage. Immunoscintigraphy by somatostatin analogs can also be useful in diagnosis. The treatment of choice is surgical resection, and prognosis is relatively good in TC, although it is worse in AC. The role of radiotherapy and chemotherapy as part of multimodality treatment or palliation is still debated.
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PMID:Update in pulmonary carcinoid tumors: a review article. 1283 56


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