Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P61278 (somatostatin)
 22,083 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This randomized controlled trial was conducted to compare the efficacy of intravenous infusion of octreotide (a synthetic long-acting somatostatin analogue) with vasopressin in 48 cirrhotic patients with endoscopically proven bleeding esophageal varices. Twenty-four patients received a continuous infusion of octreotide 25 micrograms/h for 24 h after an initial bolus of 100 micrograms and another 24 patients received a continuous infusion of vasopressin 0.4 U/min for 24 h. Bleeding was initially controlled after 6 h of drug infusion in 88% (21/24) and 54% (13/24) of the patients treated with octreotide and vasopressin respectively (p = 0.03). Complete control of bleeding after 24 h of drug infusion was achieved in 15 (63%) patients receiving octreotide and in 11 (46%) patients receiving vasopressin (p > 0.05). Side effects during drug infusion such as headache, chest pain and abdominal pain were significantly lower in the octreotide group (3/24) than in the vasopressin group (11/24). Serum gastrin and insulin levels fell significantly following octreotide infusion, but plasma glucose levels remained unchanged. Mortality related to bleeding esophageal varices was no different between the two groups. This report showed that octreotide infusion was more effective and had fewer side effects than vasopressin in initial controlling of acute esophageal variceal bleeding until an elective endoscopic sclerotherapy could be performed.
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PMID:A randomized controlled trial comparing octreotide and vasopressin in the control of acute esophageal variceal bleeding. 148 8

We report a case of multiple liver metastasis from ileac carcinoid treated with continuous intraarterial infusion of somatostatin analog. A 65-year-old man who complained of chest pain was admitted to Yamaguchi University Hospital School of Medicine for further examination of cardiac angina. Liver tumors, which were detected during ECHO cardiogram examination, were diagnosed as metastasis from carcinoid by percutaneous transhepatic liver biopsy. Primary tumor was found at the ileum by colonofiberscopy. We performed ileo-cecal resection and catheterization from the gastroduodenal artery for intraarterial chemotherapy under laparotomy. After the operation, the patient was treated with continuous intraarterial infusion of somatostatin analog (100 micrograms/day, 5 days/week for 16 weeks). The tumor in segment 6 (S6) disappeared, but the tumor in S2 enlarged after the therapy. Hepatic angiography confirming the drug distribution demonstrated the occlusion of the left hepatic artery. This drug was thus distributed to the tumor in S6 but not in S2. These results suggest that somatostatin analog may have a direct anti-tumor effect. Furthermore, no side effect was observed. Thus, intraarterial infusion of somatostatin analog may be a useful therapy for liver metastasis from carcinoid.
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PMID:[A case of multiple liver metastasis from ileac carcinoid effectively treated with continuous intraarterial infusion of somatostatin analog]. 757 89

Pulmonary carcinoid tumors are neuroendocrine malignant tumors that make up 1% to 2% of all lung tumors. According to histopathologic criteria, carcinoids can be divided into typical (TC) and atypical (AC) carcinoids. Carcinoids can be placed in a spectrum of neuroendocrine tumors, ranging from low-grade malignant TC to intermediate AC to high-grade large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma and small-cell lung carcinoma. Familial pulmonary carcinoids are rare. The most common symptoms are hemoptysis, cough, recurrent pulmonary infection, fever, chest discomfort and chest pain, unilateral wheezing, and shortness of breath. Paraneoplastic syndromes are rare and include carcinoid syndrome, Cushing's syndrome, and ectopic growth hormone-releasing hormone secretion. The diagnosis is usually established by flexible bronchoscopy and biopsy, although occasionally this can result in severe hemorrhage. Immunoscintigraphy by somatostatin analogs can also be useful in diagnosis. The treatment of choice is surgical resection, and prognosis is relatively good in TC, although it is worse in AC. The role of radiotherapy and chemotherapy as part of multimodality treatment or palliation is still debated.
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PMID:Update in pulmonary carcinoid tumors: a review article. 1283 56

Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) have revolutionized the treatment of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GERD). However, nearly 30% of all GERD patients are still symptomatic despite standard dose PPI treatment. Consequently, better treatment options are needed particularly in nonerosive reflux disease (NERD), which provides the largest number of patients that fail PPI. Transient lower esophageal relaxation (TLESR) is the underlying mechanism for most acid reflux events. Therefore, reducing the rate of TLESRs pharmacologically is an attractive therapeutic approach. Some compounds that were evaluated include: anticholinergics, opioids, cholecystokinin antagonists, nitric oxide antagonists, somatostatin, and GABA-B agonists. Currently, the GABA-B agonist baclofen generated the most promising results. Although data regarding GERD is lacking, visceral pain modulation, either pharmacologically or via mind-body interventions, was found to be efficacious in a variety of functional bowel disorders, including functional chest pain of presumed esophageal origin. Finally, intensive research is currently undergoing to develop newer acid suppressive agents. The acid pump inhibitors are reversible competitive inhibitors of the proton pump. These agents are potent suppressors of gastric acid secretion, and their effect is unrelated to food intake. Moreover, they demonstrate a faster onset of action and a predictable dose response effect as compared to the current PPIs. Although some of the preliminary clinical data is promising, thus far none of these agents is commercially available.
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PMID:New horizons in the medical treatment of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease. 1648 67

A previously healthy 56-year-old man presented with chest pain. Echocardiography and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging revealed minimal pericardial effusion associated with an isolated myocardial mass, protruding into the left atrium. The tumor was surgically removed. Cardiac valve morphology was strictly normal. Histology revealed a well-differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma. Positron emission tomography scan and thin-slice abdominal computed tomography demonstrated ileal tumor, without evidence of liver metastasis. Histological study of the removed ileal tumor confirmed a neuroendocrine carcinoma, and histology of liver biopsy was negative. Somatostatin analogue treatment was started. No tumoral recurrence was observed after 1 year of follow-up. In conclusion, we report an unusual presentation of neuroendocrine carcinoma, revealed by a large solitary atrial metastasis, in the absence of liver involvement or carcinoid syndrome.
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PMID:Solitary atrial myocardial metastasis revealing ileal neuroendocrine carcinoma. 2213 24