Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UNIPROT:P61278 (somatostatin)
 22,083 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Cirrhosis is characterized by paradoxical growth hormone secretion in response to glucose and insulin infusion. To ascertain whether this abnormality contributes to insulin resistance, euglycemic hyperinsulinemic glucose clamps were performed on six patients with cirrhosis and six normal control subjects. Each patient with cirrhosis underwent two clamps in random order, a clamp with somatostatin (250 micrograms/hr) together with insulin and glucagon replacement, and a control clamp without somatostatin. The normal subjects underwent the control clamp only. During the control clamp, growth hormone levels were considerably higher in the patients with cirrhosis (6.1 +/- 0.4 vs. 0.5 +/- 0.4 mU/L, p < 0.02), and glucose uptake was considerably lower (3.29 +/- 0.56 vs. 9.52 +/- 1.14 mg/kg/min, p < 0.001). Indirect calorimetry indicated that the defect was accounted for by lower nonoxidative glucose disposal (1.23 +/- 0.45 vs. 6.00 +/- 0.73, p < 0.001). Peripheral glucose uptake, exemplified by forearm glucose uptake (0.27 +/- 0.04 vs. 1.22 +/- 0.42 mg/100 ml/min, p < 0.02), and calculated insulin sensitivity (24 +/- 8 vs. 114 +/- 20 microliters/kg/min per mU/L) were particularly diminished. In the patients with cirrhosis somatostatin suppressed growth hormone levels (6.1 +/- 1.2 to 1.2 +/- 0.4 mU/L, p < 0.05). However, no significant changes occurred in whole-body glucose uptake (3.29 +/- 0.56 vs 3.01 +/- 0.54 mg/kg/min), forearm glucose uptake (0.27 +/- 0.04 vs 0.30 +/- 0.01 mg/100 ml/min) or insulin sensitivity (24 +/- 8 vs, 35 +/- 10 microliters/kg/min/mU/L, p = 0.42).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor-1 and insulin resistance in cirrhosis. 790 78

Cirrhosis results in portal hypertension in many patients. The major complications of portal hypertension include development of ascites and esophageal or gastric varices. Varices lead to hemorrhage and death in a significant proportion of patients. This review focuses on the pharmacologic approach to management of portal hypertension in patients at risk of variceal hemorrhage, or those who have already had variceal bleeding. Pharmacologic therapy is used for 1) primary prevention of bleeding, 2) management of acute bleeding, and 3) prevention of recurrent bleeding (secondary prophylaxis). For acute esophageal variceal hemorrhage, a variety of pharmacologic agents are used, including somatostatin, octreotide, vapreotide, lanreotide, terlipressin, and vasopressin (with nitrates). For primary and secondary prevention of esophageal variceal hemorrhage, beta-blockers remain the mainstay therapy.
 ...
PMID:Pharmacologic therapy for gastrointestinal bleeding due to portal hypertension and esophageal varices. 1651 29