Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P61278 (somatostatin)
 22,083 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A duodenal somatostatinoma is described in a patient suffering from a tumoral obstruction of the bile duct. The diagnosis was based upon histologic and immunocytochemical characterization of tumoral fragments and later confirmed by immunochemical analysis of liver metastases. Basal peripheral somatostatin immunoreactivity levels were normal until liver failure developed. A hypersomatostatinemia was induced by combined injection of calcium and pentagastrin, which was not the case in normal volunteers or in patients with disseminated pancreatic adenocarcinoma. This test was also positive in a case of generalized pancreatic somatostatinoma 4 yr after streptozotocin treatment. It was concluded that the calcium-pentagastrin test might be useful in the diagnosis of somatostatinomas.
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PMID:A case of duodenal somatostatinoma: diagnostic usefulness of calcium--pentagastrin test. 613 34

The influence of somatostatin on the concentrating function and motility of the feline gallbladder has been studied with perfusion techniques in vivo. Somatostatin did not cause any change in the basal volume or concentrating function of the gallbladder. Duodenal acidification and also efferent electrical stimulation of the vagus nerves after atropinization reduced the net water absorption from the gallbladder, and these effects were blocked by intravenous somatostatin. The enhanced rate of net water absorption in response to electrical stimulation of the splanchnic nerves, however, was not influenced by somatostatin. Both the gastrointestinal peptides vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and secretin reduce the net water absorption in the gallbladder. The blocking effect of the gallbladder's response to duodenal acid might be explained by an inhibition by somatostatin of secretin release from the duodenum. The inhibition of the gallbladder's reaction to vagal stimulation can be explained by a suppression of VIP release from noncholinergic, nonadrenergic nerve fibres in the gallbladder wall. Apart from the earlier described interference with gallbladder emptying, somatostatin seems to affect the regulation of the gallbladder's concentrating function. The results are discussed in view of the recent observation that patients with somatostatinoma characterized by high levels of circulating somatostatin usually have gallstone disease.
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PMID:The influence of somatostatin on gallbladder response to intraduodenal acid and autonomic nerve stimulation in the cat. 614 79

Radioimmunoassay using labelled somatostatin-14 revealed that components of somatostatin-28 antisera cross-reactive to somatostatin-14 were removed by absorption of somatostatin-28 antisera with sepharose 4B-somatostatin-14. Indirect immunofluorescence techniques using specific antisera against somatostatin-28 were carried out in normal pancreas, duodenum, a somatostatinoma in the duodenum, and pancreatic tumour cells containing somatostatin-14 positive cells, in order to establish if somatostatin-28 is present in normal and pathological tissues. Somatostatin-28 like immunoreactivity was present in pancreatic islets cells and in the epithelial cells of the duodenum as well as in the duodenal somatostatinoma and in pancreatic tumour cells. Furthermore, cells reacting with specific antisera against somatostatin-28 were identical to those with somatostatin-14 antisera in normal and pathological tissues. The findings suggested that somatostatin-28 like immunoreactivity may be constantly present in the tissues where somatostatin like immunoreactivity was detected using somatostatin-14 antisera. However, further studies were necessary to clarify whether somatostatin-28 and somatostatin-14 were independently present in these tissues, in other words, whether somatostatin-14 may be produced from somatostatin-28 or not, since somatostatin-14 antisera had cross-reactivities to somatostatin-28.
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PMID:Somatostatin-28 like immunoreactivity in normal and tumour tissue from duodenum and pancreas. 629 33

A case of duodenal somatostatinoma is reported. The patient, a 54-year-old male, had complained of an epigastric pain due to gastric ulcer and a duodenal polyp was unexpectedly found at a gastrectomy. The polyp showed basically tubular adenocarcinoma, with negative argyrophil and argentaffin reactions. By an indirect immunofluorescent examination almost all of the tumor cells were revealed as somatostatin-immunoreactive. Big somatostatin was also positive. Radioimmunoassay of the tumor indicated 6400 pg of somatostatin-like immunoreactivity per milligram of wet tissue. This seems to be the second case of duodenal somatostatinoma, following the case reported by us previously.
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PMID:Duodenal somatostatinoma. Immunohistopathology and review of literature. 630 Dec 8

A 28-year-old man presented with epigastric pain and obstructive jaundice associated with a histologically and immunologically unusual variant of carcinoid tumor involving the ampulla of Vater. The tumor contained abundant psammoma bodies and exhibited immunoreactivity only for somatostatin. Immunoperoxidase studies for insulin, glucagon, vasoactive intestinal peptide, calcitonin, serotonin, and ACTH had negative results. In contrast to most somatostatinomas of pancreatic origin, clinically this ampullary somatostatinoma was not accompanied by features of the somatostatinoma syndrome. A literature review of the clinical and hormonal features in reported cases of gastrointestinal and pancreatic somatostatinomas is presented.
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PMID:Ampullary somatostatinoma: psammomatous variant of gastrointestinal carcinoid tumor--an immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study. Report of a case and review of the literature. 631 1

An unusual tumor of the cystic duct in a 28-year-old woman is described. The patient presented with a painful distended gallbladder due to a small tumor occluding the cystic duct. Microscopically the tumor cells showed a nesting pattern suggestive of endocrine differentiation, but contained numerous lipid vacuoles and were argentaffin and argyrophil negative. Ultrastructurally, there were relatively few dense granules measuring 135 to 475 nm. Immunoperoxidase staining showed that the tumor cells contained somatostatin but did not contain immunoreactive ACTH, gastrin, calcitonin, glucagon, insulin, parathyroid hormone, or carcinoembryonic antigen. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first reported somatostatinoma occurring in the extrahepatic biliary tract.
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PMID:Somatostatinoma of the cystic duct. 631 50

Somatostatinoma is one of the rarest tumours of the endocrine pancreas. Cardinal manifestations of a somatostatinoma include gallstones, mild diabetes mellitus, steatorrhoea, diarrhoea and dyspepsia. Like any other pancreatic islet cell carcinoma, a somatostatinoma may also produce several different hormones such as adrenocorticotropic hormone, calcitonin, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, pancreatic polypeptide, gastrin, insulin, and glucagon. In many cases, the clinical picture is dominated by the effect of these other hormones. We present a patient with somatostatinoma in which an immunocytochemical study of the specimens from pancreas and liver showed a weak positive reaction for gastrin besides a strong positive reaction for somatostatin. Interestingly, this patient also showed the signs of carcinoid syndrome which was successfully treated with octreotide.
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PMID:Carcinoid syndrome due to a malignant somatostatinoma. 749 79

Somatostatinomas are rare neuroendocrine tumors that can result in a variety of symptoms depending on the secretion of other peptides in association with or in response to somatostatin. The rarity and variable clinical presentation of these tumors present problems in diagnosis and management. This report details the treatment of a 66-yr-old male who had a somatostatinoma with an atypical location and presentation. His clinical course was one of recurrent disease treated surgically and the interval development of cholelithiasis. He has survived 5 yr with his tumor, illustrating that monitoring peptide levels and an aggressive surgical approach are warranted for this condition. Prophylactic cholecystectomy should be considered at the time of exploration.
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PMID:Somatostatinoma: atypical presentation of a rare pancreatic tumor. 773 95

A case of a pancreatic somatostatinoma in a 54 year old male is presented. A pancreatic carcinoma with hepatic metastases were primary diagnosed, and the patient had a palliative choledochoduodenostomy and gastroenteroanastomosis. As he was still alive four years later, the histological samples were reevaluated. Immunohistochemically the tumor was found positive for somatostatin, neuron-specific enolase and pancreatic polypeptide. Symptoms, diagnosis, pathology and treatment in relation to somatostatinomas are discussed.
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PMID:[Somatostatinoma in the pancreas]. 806 87

A close relation between the hyperhormonism of somatostatin and gallstone disease suggested to us the hypothesis that somatostatin inhibits cholecystokinin (CCK)-induced gallbladder contraction on the level of target organs. To investigate this hypothesis, smooth muscle cells were isolated from human and canine gallbladders and the direct inhibitory effects of somatostatin on the CCK-induced cell contraction were examined in vitro. Somatostatin alone had no effect on the cell motility, while it significantly inhibited the cholecystokinin-octapeptide (10(-10) M)-induced cell contraction at the concentration of 10(-6) M (P < 0.01) in both human and canine gallbladders. The results demonstrate for the first time that somatostatin has a direct inhibitory action against cholecystokinin-induced gallbladder contraction. This may partly account for the high frequency of gallstone disease in patients with somatostatinoma.
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PMID:Somatostatin inhibits cholecystokinin-induced contraction of isolated gallbladder smooth muscle cells. 853 75


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