Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UNIPROT:P61278 (somatostatin)
 22,083 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A case of the carcinoid tumour of ileum causing hormone producing multiple hepatic metastases was described. Sometimes after feeding and drinking of beer the "flush" and the diarrhoea appeared. Multiple hepatic metastases were established by ultrasound. Two and a half years ago the patient already was examined and treated by another hospital. In this time the origin of the primaer carcinoid tumour was not found and the superselective embolisation of the right lobe of the liver was made which caused a carcinoid crisis. Later the complaints were renewed and once more the patient was examined. The origin of the illness was proved in the lower ileum by CT (computer tomography), angiography and I131 MIBG (metajod-benzyl-guanidin) scintigraphy. Another embolisation of the liver caused a newer carcinoid crisis. The operation of primaer carcinoid tumour was decided because of the danger of carcinoid crisis and ileus. In the perioperative period the patient was protected against carcinoid crisis by Sandostatin (made in SANDOZ, Basel), because the preoperative therapy, the anaesthetics and the surgical manipulation could have caused a carcinoid crisis. In Hungary the authors used for the first time somatostatin in perioperative period to protect the patient against carcinoid crisis.
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PMID:[Prevention of carcinoid tumor crisis]. 134 72

The adjuvant use of somatostatin in the clinical management of obstructive ileus was studied prospectively. Fifty-four consecutive patients suffering from total obstructive ileus were managed over a period of one year. A double-blind clinical trial involving the administration of somatostatin for two days was carried out. Twenty-seven non-selected patients received somatostatin, while the other twenty-seven did not. Of the 27 patients who did not receive somatostatin, 12 (44%) were operated on, while only 6 (22%) of those who had received the agent required surgery. As little as 16% of the patients who received somatostatin pre-operatively exhibited severe dilatation and necrosis of the intestine proximal to the area of destruction as compared with 83% of those patients who did not receive somatostatin before the operation. It was concluded that while the administration of somatostatin to patients suffering from obstructive ileus may not be directly related to a reduction in surgery, it does reduce the effects of intestinal dilatation on the healthy gut proximal to the area of destruction.
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PMID:Somatostatin as adjuvant therapy in the management of obstructive ileus. 257 72

Obstructive ileus is not common, but is a very distressing syndrome in a palliative care unit. The case of a 86-year-old woman with obstructive ileus due to advanced pancreatic cancer is presented. Successful management was made possible by a new somatostatin analogue (Vapreotide), administered i.m. at weekly intervals. Vapreotide was found to reduce nausea and vomiting considerably, by inhibiting the release and action of gastrointestinal hormones and the secretory and motor functions of stomach and intestines. The role of somatostatin analogues in the management of obstructive ileus in advanced cancer is discussed.
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PMID:Vapreotide, a new somatostatin analogue in the palliative management of obstructive ileus in advanced cancer. 791 84

Octreotide, a somatostatin analogue that inhibits the release of most gut peptides, hastens the resolution of experimental postoperative ileus, suggesting that gut peptides mediate this process. We studied the role of two gut peptides involved in the control of normal gut motility, vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), and substance P (SP), in the initiation and maintenance of postoperative small bowel ileus in rats by preoperative administration of VIP and SP receptor antagonists, (VIP-ra and SP-ra). Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats (300-350 g) underwent laparotomy. One half underwent placement of a duodenal catheter for transit studies while the other half had serosal electrodes placed on the proximal jejunum for myoelectric recordings. Six days later, animals were separated into three treatment groups of five each. Control animals were pretreated with ip saline, while the others received either VIP-ra or SP-ra prior to standardized laparotomy. Following abdominal closure, [Na51]CrO4 was injected into the duodenum and the animals were sacrificed 25 min later. The small bowel was then excised and divided into 10 equal segments. Small bowel transit was calculated as the geometric center of [Na51]CrO4 distribution. The interval until the return of migrating myoelectric complexes (MMCs) was determined in animals with intestinal electrodes. VIP-ra-treated rats demonstrated a 67% improvement in the geometric center of radiolabel relative to controls and SP-ra-treated rats had a 23% improvement (3.67 +/- 0.06 VIP-ra vs 2.69 +/- 0.09 SP-ra vs 2.20 +/- 0.09 control, P < 0.01). MMCs returned 180 +/- 17 min in controls vs 99 +/- 14 min in VIP-ra-treated rats (P < 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Vasoactive intestinal peptide and substance P receptor antagonists improve postoperative ileus. 754 Jul

All horses undergoing coeliotomy for an acute abdominal crisis are at risk of developing ileus and should receive therapy aimed at promoting gastrointestinal function by restoring fluid and electrolyte balance. Adequate analgesia and prevention against peritonitis, bacteraemia and endotoxaemia should be provided. Horses that at the time of surgery have a strangulating or non-strangulating small intestinal obstruction should be considered to be at greater risk of developing a persistent ileus that is refractory to treatment than those horses with lesions involving the large intestine. In horses considered to be at greater risk of developing a persistent ileus, the use of prokinetic agents should be considered. Agents that may be used to improve gastrointestinal motility include adrenergic receptor antagonists, cholinergic agonists, benzamides, dopamine antagonists, macrolide antimicrobials, opiate receptor agonists and antagonists, somatostatin analogues and local anaesthetics. There are limited studies into the use of these agents in the horse. Until further research provides more information on motility disorders following intestinal surgery and the efficacy of prokinetic agents in this species, only selective use of some of these drugs can be recommended.
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PMID:Role of prokinetic drugs for treatment of postoperative ileus in the horse. 957 63

PURPOSE: Lanreotide, a long-acting somatostatin analogue, inhibits intestinal, bile and pancreatic secretions and decreases intestinal motility. The purpose of this experimental study was to evaluate the effects of lanreotide on the healing of intestinal anastomoses following small bowel obstruction. METHODS: Two groups of 16 Wistar rats (average weight 310 g) were used. Basal diameters of ileus were measured prior to the ligation of the bowel, 15 cm from the ileocecal valve. Luminal fluid was also withdrawn proximal to the obstructed bowel for sodium and potassium analysis. Lanreotide was administered intramuscularly in a single dose (5.4 mg/kg) in the first group, while the same volume of saline was used in the control group. 48 h later rats were re-operated upon. Diameters of the obstructed segments were measured, and luminal fluid of the obstructed bowel was withdrawn and sodium and potassium levels were measured. A segment of 1 cm of the obstructed bowel was resected and end-to-end intestinal anastomosis was performed. Rats were sacrificed on day 7 following the second operation. Anastomoses were examined macroscopically and resected including a 2.5 cm of small bowel on either side. Bursting pressures were measured and the specimens were send for histological examination. RESULTS: The diameter of obstructed bowel increased significantly in both groups. The increase was more prominent in the control group (P < 0.001). Total luminal electrolyte contents for sodium and potassium were stastistically higher in the control group compared to the lanreotide group (P < 0.001). Adhesion formation was more extensive in the control group. Bursting pressures were significantly higher in the lanreotide group compared to the control group (P=0.003). Histological examination of anastomoses showed a more profound inflammatory reaction in the control group compared to the lanreotide group while microscopical healing of the anastomoses was almost the same in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: Lanreotide administration in rats with small bowel obstruction decreases significantly distension and electrolyte losses and seems to improve strength of small bowel anastomoses.
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PMID:Effects of lanreotide on the healing of small bowel anastomoses following obstructive ileus in rats. 1278 Jun 50

A case is reported of a chronic intestinal pseudoobstruction with lethal outcome in a 6-year-old boy. The clinical symptoms and radiology examination showed ileus without mechanical obstruction. During the observation the patient developed left sided mydriasis and grand mal seizures with lactacidosis. He was treated conservatively which included total parenteral nutrition, fluid-sodium supplements, intravenous erythromycin and somatostatin, correction of acidosis. On the 48th day he died suddenly of cardiac failure at the intensive care unit. The gastrointestinal and neurologic symptoms with lactacidosis suggested the possibility of mitochondrial myopathy. Postmortem histopathology showed visceral myopathy. Molecular genetic analysis could not confirm the presence of the mDNA mutation.
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PMID:[Chronic intestinal pseudoobstruction due to visceral myopathy]. 1761 Nov 83

Clinical studies are evaluating the efficacy of synthetic ghrelin agonists in postoperative ileus management. However, the control of ghrelin secretion under conditions of postoperative gastric ileus is largely unknown. Peripheral somatostatin inhibits ghrelin secretion in animals and humans. We investigated the time course of ghrelin changes postsurgery in fasted rats and whether somatostatin receptor subtype 2 (sst(2)) signaling is involved. Abdominal surgery (laparotomy and 1-min cecal palpation) induced a rapid and long-lasting decrease in plasma acyl ghrelin levels as shown by the 64, 67, and 59% reduction at 0.5, 2, and 5 h postsurgery, respectively, compared with sham (anesthesia alone for 10 min, P < 0.05). Levels were partly recovered at 7 h and fully restored at 24 h. The percentage of acyl ghrelin reduction was significantly higher than that of desacyl ghrelin at 2 h postsurgery and not at any other time point. This was associated with a 48 and 23% decrease in gastric and plasma ghrelin-O-acyltransferase protein concentrations, respectively (P < 0.001). Ghrelin-positive cells in the oxyntic mucosa expressed sst(2a) receptor and the sst(2) agonist S-346-011 inhibited fasting acyl ghrelin levels by 64 and 77% at 0.5 and 2 h, respectively. The sst(2) antagonist S-406-028 prevented the abdominal surgery-induced decreased circulating acyl ghrelin but not the delayed gastric emptying assessed 0.5 h postinjection. These data show that activation of sst(2) receptor located on gastric X/A-like cells plays a key role in the rapid inhibition of circulating acyl ghrelin induced by abdominal surgery while not being primarily involved in the early phase of postoperative gastric ileus.
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PMID:Abdominal surgery inhibits circulating acyl ghrelin and ghrelin-O-acyltransferase levels in rats: role of the somatostatin receptor subtype 2. 2163 29