Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UNIPROT:P61278 (somatostatin)
 22,083 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Cadherin-13 (CDH13), a unique glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored member of the cadherin family of cell adhesion molecules, has been identified as a risk gene for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and various comorbid neurodevelopmental and psychiatric conditions, including depression, substance abuse, autism spectrum disorder and violent behavior, while the mechanism whereby CDH13 dysfunction influences pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric disorders remains elusive. Here we explored the potential role of CDH13 in the inhibitory modulation of brain activity by investigating synaptic function of GABAergic interneurons. Cellular and subcellular distribution of CDH13 was analyzed in the murine hippocampus and a mouse model with a targeted inactivation of Cdh13 was generated to evaluate how CDH13 modulates synaptic activity of hippocampal interneurons and behavioral domains related to psychopathologic (endo)phenotypes. We show that CDH13 expression in the cornu ammonis (CA) region of the hippocampus is confined to distinct classes of interneurons. Specifically, CDH13 is expressed by numerous parvalbumin and somatostatin-expressing interneurons located in the stratum oriens, where it localizes to both the soma and the presynaptic compartment. Cdh13(-/-) mice show an increase in basal inhibitory, but not excitatory, synaptic transmission in CA1 pyramidal neurons. Associated with these alterations in hippocampal function, Cdh13(-/-) mice display deficits in learning and memory. Taken together, our results indicate that CDH13 is a negative regulator of inhibitory synapses in the hippocampus, and provide insights into how CDH13 dysfunction may contribute to the excitatory/inhibitory imbalance observed in neurodevelopmental disorders, such as ADHD and autism.
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PMID:Cadherin-13, a risk gene for ADHD and comorbid disorders, impacts GABAergic function in hippocampus and cognition. 2646 Apr 79

In recent years, neuropeptides which display potent regulatory control of stress-related behaviors have been extensively demonstrated to play a critical role in regulating behaviors associated with substance abuse and affective disorders. Somatostatin (SST) is one neuropeptide known to significantly contribute to emotionality and stress behaviors. However, the role of SST in regulating behavior has received relatively little attention relative to other stress-involved peptides, such as neuropeptide Y or corticotrophin releasing factor. This review characterizes our current understanding of the role of SST and SST-expressing cells in general in modulating several behaviors intrinsically linked to substance abuse and affective disorders, specifically: anxiety and fear; stress and depression; feeding and drinking; and circadian rhythms. We further summarize evidence of a direct role for the SST system, and specifically somatostatin receptors 2 and 4, in substance abuse disorders. This article is part of the special issue on 'Neuropeptides'.
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PMID:A role for the neuropeptide somatostatin in the neurobiology of behaviors associated with substances abuse and affective disorders. 3202 9