Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P61278 (somatostatin)
 22,083 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Somatostatin is a peptide that has anticholeretic properties in the dog. The purpose of the present work was to investigate if somatostatin is an anticholeretic agent in humans also. The effects of intravenous infusion of somatostatin on hepatic bile flow and biliary electrolytes and secretion of biliary lipids were studied in 7 patients with complete biliary drainage who had been operated on for choledocholithiasis. Somatostatin, 250 microgram/h, was found to decrease the hepatic bile secretion by approximately 30%. The peptide also reduced the outputs of bile acids, cholesterol, and phospholipids and the outputs of sodium, potassium, and chloride. The concentrations of the biliary lipids were not significantly changed. Somatostatin inhibited the erythritol clearance in the 2 patients studied by approximately 25%. The present study thus provides evidence that somatostatin inhibits bile formation in humans. It appears as if the reduction in bile production is mainly due to decreased canalicular bile flow. It is possible that this effect of somatostatin is attributable to inhibition of bile acid synthesis or of transport-secretion of bile acids, or both.
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PMID:Effects of somatostatin on hepatic bile formation. 256 34

The aim of the present work was to study the effect of substance P (SP) and somatostatin (SST) on hepatic bile flow. For this purpose a total of 54 anesthetized mongrel dogs were used. The gallbladder was excluded by ligation of the cystic duct and a common duct fistula was created by insertion of a catheter into the common duct. Both SP and SST were found to exert an anticholeretic effect in the dog. SST was also found to be anticholeretic in man. In the dog, SP was infused at dosages from 0.5-20 ng kg-1 min-1 and exerted a significant anticholeretic effect at a dosage of 2.5 ng or higher. At dosages of 2.5 and 20 ng kg-1 min-1, SP decreased the basal bile secretion by about 20 and 40% respectively. The decrease in bile flow was accompanied by decreased outputs of sodium, potassium, chloride, bicarbonate and amylase. With taurocholate-stabilized and taurocholate-stabilized and hormone-induced bile secretion, SP had the above mentioned effects and in addition the output of bile acids decreased. The effect of SP occurred within minutes and after withdrawal of SP there was a positive rebound effect, with a magnitude of about 30% following the 20 ng dosage. SST at dosages from 20-1000 ng kg-1 min-1 induced an anticholeretic effect with a magnitude of 10-25%. With both basal and taurocholate-stabilized bile secretion, the outputs of bile, bile acids and electrolytes decreased during the infusion period and remained diminished for 10-20 min after termination of the infusion. Unlike SP, SST had no anticholeretic effect in the presence of CCK or secretin. A simultaneous infusion of SP and SST decreased bile flow more than either agent alone. The anticholeretic effect of SST was verified in five patients. They had all been operated on for choledocholithiasis. In four patients a complete diversion of bile was obtained with a Foley catheter in the common duct and in the fifth patient from an impacted stone in the common duct. During infusion of SST, 250 ug h-1, the outputs of hepatic bile and bile acids decreased while the outputs of cholesterol and phospholipids were unchanged. The serum bile acid concentration was unaffected by SST and therefore SST is suggested to exert an inhibitory effect on bile acid synthesis. The changes in electrolyte outputs induced by SST in man corresponded to those in the dog.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Anticholeretic effects of substance P and somatostatin. 608 86

Acute pancreatitis is a serious complication of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) and endoscopic sphincterotomy (EST). In addition, serum pancreatic enzymes increase without clinical symptoms in about 40-50% of patients undergoing these endoscopic procedures. We evaluated the potential of octreotide, a long-acting somatostatin analogue, to prevent these complications in patients who underwent EST for choledocholithiasis. 151 patients were randomly allocated to two groups (A and B). Group A was given 0.1 mg of octreotide subcutaneously 120 and 30 min before EST and four hours after; group B was given a placebo. Serum amylases (normal range 20-220 IU/l) were measured before premedication and 4, 24, and 48 hours after the end of endoscopy. After EST, the increase in the mean serum amylase was greater in the control group, but the difference was statistically significant only at the 48-hour measurement. There were five cases of acute pancreatitis in each group, with a trend (but not statistically significant) toward less severe pancreatitis in the treated group. In the control group, one patient with acute pancreatitis died. In conclusion, octreotide does not seem to prevent acute post-EST pancreatitis.
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PMID:The use of a long-acting somatostatin analogue (octreotide) for prophylaxis of acute pancreatitis after endoscopic sphincterotomy. 753 55

Choledochocele, or type III choledochal cyst, is a rare congenital disease and is even less common among adults compared with children. In this case, a 75-year-old female was admitted to our hospital presented with epigastric pain and vomiting for one day. Abdominal computed tomography revealed dilated common bile duct, pancreatitis and peripancreatic effusion. The patient was treated with fasting, fluid resuscitation, anti-acid agents, somatostatin and antibiotics. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography was employed for the further diagnosis of choledochocele, choledocholithiasis and biliary stenosis. Endoscopic sphincterotomy, stone extraction and plastic stent placement were performed for treatment. The patient recovered quickly after the treatment and no signs of recurrence and complications were observed during the first follow-up. Endoscopic management may be a promising and alternative therapy for choledochocele although long-term follow-up is necessary to confirm the efficacy and safety of this procedure in the future.
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PMID:Endoscopic management of choledochocele complicated with choledocholithiasis and pancreatitis in an old patient. 2485 81