Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P61278 (somatostatin)
 22,083 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Immunoreactive somatostatin (IRS) has been previously demonstrated in the pineal gland of different rodent species, and we observed a 24-hr rhythm in rats. Recent data suggest that the peptide may represent a neurotransmitter in the so-called peptidergic nerves of the central, pinealopetal innervation of the epiphysis, which may modulate the activity and secretion of the gland. We investigated whether 24-hr changes of pineal IRS content occurred in Syrian hamsters, gerbils, and mice. Adult males, kept in a 14:10 LD photoperiod, were decapitated at 4-hr intervals throughout a 24-hr period. Pineals and median eminences were analyzed for IRS by radioimmunoassay. No significant changes in the median eminence content of IRS with time was observed. As previously described in rats, a statistically significant rhythm of IRS was observed in the pineal of hamsters and mice, with a peak at 2000 hr (mice 51.7 +/- 5 pg/pineal; hamsters 26.3 +/- 4.6) and a nadir at 2400 hr (mice 30.8 +/- 1.4) or 0400 hr (hamsters 8.6 +/- 1). However, in the gerbil pineal IRS content remained unchanged throughout the period of study. Since the three species examined have very different melatonin cycles, it is suggested that the melatonin and IRS rhythms are unrelated and independently regulated events within the pineal gland.
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PMID:Rhythms in pineal immunoreactive somatostatin in the Syrian hamster, mouse, and gerbil. 290 Feb 98

The brain of the lizard, Ctenosauria pectinata, was studied light microscopically using an immunocytochemical staining method that is specific for neurohypophysial hormones and somatostatin. It was shown that the telencephalon and particularly the diencephalon contain somatostatin-producing perikarya, while somatostatinergic fibers occur in the entire brain. Similar to the situation in other vertebrates, somatostatin neurons in Ctenosauria pectinata form a population distinct from the neurohypophysial hormone-producing neurons. The small-sized somatostatin neurons were found in the cortex and the diencephalon: (1) ventral from, and partially overlapping with, the classical neurosecretory paraventricular nucleus; and (2) in the region of the infundibular (tuberal) nucleus. Somatostatin fibers were found among the classical neurosecretory fibers of the supraoptico-paraventricular system (tract, median eminence, neural lobe), near to and within the epiphysis, in the septum, in the vicinity of the tectum opticum and the cerebellum, and in the tegmentum.
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PMID:Immunocytochemical localization of somatostatin in the brain of the lizard, Ctenosauria pectinata. 610 16

The distribution of somatostatin-like immunoreactivity in the brain of the cave salamander Hydromantes genei (Amphibia, Plethodontidae) was investigated by using two distinct antisera raised against somatostatin-14. Most somatostatin-positive cells were detected in the ependymal cell layer surrounding the ventricles. These cells possessed the typical morphological characteristics of tanycytes or radial glial cells. Double-labeling with an antiserum against somatostatin and a monoclonal antibody against glial fibrillary acidic protein showed that somatostatin-immunoreactive cells lining the ventricles also exhibited GFAP-like immunoreactivity. Injection of the neurotracer biocytin into the lateral ventricle revealed that neurons lining the ventricles did not contain somatostatin-like immunoreactivity. In the telencephalon, somatostatin-like immunoreactivity was confined to radial glial cells. In the diencephalon, in addition to somatostatin-immunoreactive cells in the ependyma, positive cell bodies were also found in the periventricular preoptic nucleus, the infundibular nucleus, the epiphysis, and the subcommissural organ. In the metencephalon, positive cell bodies were found in the auricula cerebelli, whereas in the rhombencephalon numerous somatostatin-immunoreactive cells were seen lining the ventricular cavity. Immunoreactive nerve fibers were observed in the hypothalamus-median eminence complex. In the pituitary, a discrete group of somatostatin-positive cells was found in the pars distalis. High-performance liquid chromatography analysis of brain extracts revealed that the immunoreactive material coeluted with somatostatin-14. The present results show that the somatostatin peptidergic system in the brain of the cave salamander has a more simple organization than those described in the brain of frog and other vertebrates. This feature is probably related to the expression of high pedomorphic characters in plethodontids. The distribution of somatostatin-like immunoreactivity suggests that, in the cave salamander, somatostatin may act as a neurotransmitter and/or neuromodulator, a central regulator of fluid homeostasis, and a hypophysiotropic neurohormone.
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PMID:Somatostatin in the brain of the cave salamander, Hydromantes genei (Amphibia, Plethodontidae): immunohistochemical localization and biochemical characterization. 1521 58