Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P61278 (somatostatin)
 22,083 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 33-year-old woman with AIDS was treated with somatostatin (continuous infusion 6 mg/day) for intractable diarrhoea. Improvement was insufficient and the dose was increased to 12 mg/day 5 days later. Hyperosmolar non-ketotic coma occurred two days later (blood glucose 53 mmol/l, bicarbonate 8 mmol/l, pH of arterial blood 7.2). Search for urinary ketones was negative. Klebsiella pneumonia was isolated in the urine sample. Somatostatin was withdrawn and the patient improved with parenteral nutrition and intravenous insulin. Glucose tolerance was verified after recovery and was normal. Somatostatin is known to impair glucose tolerance and as shown in this case should also be recognized as a cause of hyperosmolar non-ketotic coma. Increasing use of somatostatin, particularly in HIV patients often given other hyperglycaemia inducing drugs such as didanosine, pentamidine, dapsone, and phenytoin should be accompanied with careful monitoring of blood glucose levels.
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PMID:[Nonketotic hyperglycemic coma induced by somatostatin in an AIDS patient]. 854 17

Radiolabeled cell-surface peptide receptor-binding molecules are emerging as an important class of radiopharmaceuticals. Their binding to specific cell membrane receptors allows for noninvasive assessment of regional receptor proteomics in vivo. Information thus obtained can be used for diagnostic purposes and for predicting and monitoring response to treatment. This paradigm also applies to pulmonary diseases. In this review, available radiopharmaceuticals of great potential or already in clinical use for imaging of lung cancer, lung inflammation and infection and pulmonary embolism are discussed. In lung cancer, somatostatin receptor imaging by means of technetium-99m (99mTc)-octreotide scintigraphy has proven useful for characterizing malignancy in solitary pulmonary nodules. Additionally, several radiopharmaceuticals targeting tyrosine-kinase, e.g. 99mTc labeled epidermal growth factor and indium-111 (111In)-diethylene triamine penta-acetic acid-trastuzumab, or G-protein coupled receptors, e.g. 99mTc-bombesin, iodine-123-vasoactive intestinal peptide and 111In-tetraazacyclododecane tetra-acetic acid (DOTA)-cholecystokinine-B, are being explored for their diagnostic as well as treatment monitoring potential. With the purpose of better evaluating the source of pulmonary embolism, as well as to differentiate acute from chronic deep venous thrombosis, several radiolabeled peptides targeting the glycoprotein IIb/IIIa fibrinogen receptor found on activated platelets have been developed. Out of these, 99mTc-P280 is now approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for scintigraphic imaging of suspected acute venous thrombosis in the lower extremities of patients. In the field of lung inflammation and infection, non-specific 111In and 99mTc-human polyclonal immunoglobulins have been successfully used to identify the presence and extent of Pneumocystis carinii, cytomegalovirus, Mycobaterium avium and fungal infections in patients with HIV infection. The clinical role of other radiopharmaceuticals such as 99mTc-J001X, a nonpyrogenic acylated polygalactoside isolated from Klebsiella pneumoniae and binding with high affinity to CD11b and CD14 lipopolysaccharide receptors expressed on monocytes/macrophages, and 111In-octreotide, binding to up-regulated somatostatin receptors on activated lymphocytes needs to be further defined.
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PMID:Peptide receptor imaging: advances in the diagnosis of pulmonary diseases. 1472 55

The antibacterial activities of 31 different beta-, mixed alpha/beta-, and gamma-peptides, as well as of beta-peptides derived from beta2-3-aza- and beta3-2-methylidene-amino acids were assayed against six pathogens (Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa), and the results were compared with literature data. The interaction of these peptides with mammalian cells, as modeled by measuring the hemolysis of human erythrocytes, was also investigated. In addition to those peptides designed to fold into amphiphilic helical conformations with positive charges on one face of the helix, one new peptide with hemolytic activity was detected within the sample set. Moreover, it was demonstrated that neither cationic peptides used for membrane translocation (beta3-oligoarginines), nor mixed alpha/beta- or gamma-peptides with somatostatin-mimicking activities display unwanted hemolytic activity.
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PMID:Exploring the antibacterial and hemolytic activity of shorter- and longer-chain beta-, alpha,beta-, and gamma-peptides, and of beta-peptides from beta2-3-aza- and beta3-2-methylidene-amino acids bearing proteinogenic side chains--a survey. 1719 89

There are fewer reports of brain infection by Klebsiella pneumoniae than there are in other organs, but an increase incidence and morbidity has been noted. We have previously developed a rat model of K. pneumoniae meningoencephalitis. Cortistatin (CST) is a recently discovered neuropeptide with endocrine activities in humans. In this study, we found that brain infection by K. pneumoniae increased endogenous prepro-CST messenger RNA expression, which occurred earlier than did leukocyte infiltration in vivo and also occurred in cultured neuron-glia. Postinfection treatment with CST (either intracerebroventricularly or intraperitoneally), but not somatostatin, reduced leukocyte recruitment and clinical illness as revealed by fever and clinical score in vivo. Postinfection increases of proinflammatory cytokine messenger RNA levels were attenuated by CST in neuron-glia cultures, further confirming a direct effect on neuroinflammation. Administration of CST resulted in less postinfection neuronal loss in vitro, suggesting a direct neuroprotective effect and potential as an adjuvant for treating bacterial meningoencephalitis.
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PMID:Cortistatin is induced in brain tissue and exerts neuroprotection in a rat model of bacterial meningoencephalitis. 2194 Apr 21