Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P61278 (somatostatin)
 22,083 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

NOD/Lt mice harboring a hybrid rat insulin-promoter/SV40 large T-antigen gene spontaneously develop beta-cell adenomas. NIT-1 is a pancreatic beta-cell line established from one of these transgenic mice. Immunocytochemical staining of passage 18 cells showed most contained insulin, with less than 5% containing glucagon, and none containing pancreatic polypeptide or somatostatin. Glucagon content radioimmunoassayed in cell extracts was only 0.27% of the insulin content. Two-hour insulin secretion at 16.5 mM glucose was 638 ng/10(6) cells (41% of intracellular content) compared to only 1.3 ng glucagon (32% of intracellular content). Stimulated insulin secretion was consistently observed in response to 11 and 16.5 mM glucose between passages 11 and 19. At passage 19, both theophylline and tolbutamide stimulated insulin secretion at 5.5 mM glucose. Northern-blot analysis confirmed high levels of insulin mRNA but only trace glucagon mRNA and undetectable somatostatin mRNA. Interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma)-induced MHC class I RNA expression was correlated with markedly increased antigen expression at the cell surface. Similarly, a MHC-linked "occult" class I-like antigen detected by Cr release assay only after exposure of standard NOD/Lt islet cells to IFN-gamma was strongly induced by IFN-gamma in NIT-1 cells. Cell surface MHC class II antigen was not constitutively expressed on NIT-1 cells and could not be detected after IFN-gamma incubation, despite demonstration of IFN-gamma-induced Aa, Ab, and Li invariant-chain RNA transcripts. Similarly IFN-gamma induction of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (Icam-1) transcripts was not accompanied by demonstrable cell surface expression of ICAM-1 antigen.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:NIT-1, a pancreatic beta-cell line established from a transgenic NOD/Lt mouse. 164 94

Positron emission tomography (PET) examinations with F-18-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) provide detailed information about the glucose-like metabolism in tissue. It is generally accepted that FDG reflects the viability of tumour cells. The kinetics of FDG is modulated by several genes, besides the glucose transporters and hexokinases. Additional specific information can be obtained non-invasively by using other tracers specific for cell membrane receptors. PET studies with radiolabelled peptides have emerged as a new diagnostic tool for imaging of certain tumour entities, like neuroendocrine tumours (NETs) and gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GISTs). This application is based on certain properties of these tumours, like the overexpression of somatostatin receptors, which can be visualised by somatostatin analogues, like 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-N, N', N'', N'''-tetraacetic-acid-D: -Phe1-Tyr3 octreotide (DOTATOC) in NET. The overexpression of gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) receptors can be visualised in GIST by using bombesin analogues. These peptides can be labelled by (68)Ga, which is a generator product and therefore more cost-effective than cyclotron products. (68)Ga-DOTATOC is a peptide that binds primarily to somatostatin receptor subtype 2 (SSTR2). PET studies with (68)Ga-DOTATOC are performed in patients with NET and some other tumours. (68)Ga-BZH3 ((68)Ga-Bombesin) is a peptide that binds to at least three bombesin receptor subtypes: the BB1 (also known as neuromedin B), the BB2 (also known as GRP), and the BB3 (bombesin receptor subtype 3). This bombesin analogue, (68)Ga-BZH3, is used in patients with GIST.
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PMID:Positron emission tomography (PET) and macromolecular delivery in vivo. 1908 22

Extrapituitary roles for hypothalamic neurohormones have recently become apparent and clinically relevant, based on the use of synthetic peptide analogs for the treatment of multiple conditions including cancers, pulmonary edema and myocardial infarction. In the eye, it has been suggested that some of these hormones and their receptors may be present in the ciliary body, iris, trabecular meshwork and retina, but their physiological role has yet to be elucidated. Our study intends to comprehensively demonstrate the expression of some hypothalamic neuroendocrine hormones and their receptors within different retinal and extraretinal structures of the human eye. Immunofluorescence, Western blot analysis, and RT-PCR were used to evaluate the qualitative and quantitative expression of Luteinizing Hormone Releasing Hormone (LHRH), Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone (GHRH), Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone (TRH), Gastrin Releasing Peptide (GRP) and Somatostatin as well as their respective receptors (LHRH-R, GHRH-R, TRH-R, GRP-R, SST-R1) in cadaveric human eye tissue and in paraffinized human eye tissue sections. The hypothalamic hormones LHRH, GHRH, TRH, GRP and Somatostatin and their respective receptors (LHRH-R, GHRH-R, TRH-R, GRPR/BB2 and SST-R1), were expressed in the conjunctiva, cornea, trabecular meshwork, ciliary body, lens, retina, and optic nerve.
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PMID:Expression of hypothalamic neurohormones and their receptors in the human eye. 2897 97