Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UNIPROT:P61278 (somatostatin)
 22,083 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

To investigate whether changes in systemic pH influence ketone body production or utilization, total ketone body (TK) kinetics were measured with [3-14C]acetoacetate and D-beta-[1,3-13C2]hydroxybutyrate tracers in overnight fasted subjects during metabolic alkalosis (NaHCO3 infusion) or acidosis [NH4Cl ingestion or arginine (Arg)-HCl infusion]. Somatostatin, with insulin, glucagon, and growth hormone replacement, was infused in all studies. Blood pH and HCO3- (mM) increased from baseline (0-30 min) to 180-210 min by 0.08 +/- 0.02 and 7 +/- 1 with NaHCO3 and decreased by 0.08 +/- 0.2 and 7 +/- 1 or 5 +/- 1 with NH4Cl or Arg-HCl (all P less than 0.005). Over this period blood TK (microM) differed between the NaHCO3 (+198 +/- 65) and both NH4Cl (-90 +/- 53) and Arg-HCl (-154 +/- 55) (P less than 0.05). These changes resulted from parallel alterations in TK production rate of appearance (Ra TK, mumol.kg-1.min-1), because changes from baseline in Ra 14C TK also differed between NaHCO3 (+1.9 +/- 0.8) and NH4Cl (-1.0 +/- 0.6) and Arg-HCl (-2.0 +/- 0.5) (P less than 0.05). Ra TK calculated with single- or dual-tracer techniques were similar. Blood free fatty acids (FFA) increased with NaHCO3, and FFA and glycerol decreased with NH4Cl and Arg-HCl, suggesting that FFA availability mediated the pH effects on hepatic ketogenesis. These results demonstrate that modest changes in systemic pH modify FFA availability and TK production rates.
 ...
PMID:Systemic pH modifies ketone body production rates and lipolysis in humans. 197 88

Studies were performed on previously nephrectomized dogs to examine roles of hormonal factors in plasma potassium alterations in acute alkalosis. Respiratory and metabolic alkalosis were induced by hyperventilation and intravenous NaHCO3 or tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (Tris) infusion, respectively. Respiratory and NaHCO3-induced alkalosis provoked decreases in plasma potassium from the control value of 5.12 +/- 0.68 (SE) to 4.21 +/- 0.55 meq/l (P less than 0.01) and from 4.65 +/- 0.26 to 3.91 +/- 0.16 meq/l (P less than 0.01) within 180 min, respectively. In contrast, Tris-induced alkalosis elicited an increase in plasma potassium from the control value of 4.56 +/- 0.30 to 5.31 +/- 0.30 meq/l (P less than 0.01). Hypokalemia in respiratory alkalosis was associated with a decrease in the plasma norepinephrine concentration from the control level of 377 +/- 104 to 155 +/- 41 pg/ml (P less than 0.05) but not with changes in plasma levels of epinephrine, insulin, glucagon, cortisol, and aldosterone. However, this hypokalemia was not affected by phentolamine. Also, somatostatin did not modify the hypokalemic response. NaHCO3-induced hypokalemia was associated with a decline in the plasma aldosterone and norepinephrine concentrations. The decline in plasma norepinephrine in NaHCO3-induced alkalosis followed the decrease in plasma potassium. In Tris-induced alkalosis, plasma insulin increased but norepinephrine decreased. The findings do not suggest fundamental roles of the hormonal factors in the plasma potassium alterations in bilaterally nephrectomized dogs with acute alkalosis.
 ...
PMID:Role of hormonal factors in plasma K alterations in acute respiratory and metabolic alkalosis in dogs. 215 37

A 7-year-old spayed female Cocker Spaniel was hospitalized with a history of chronic vomiting, anorexia, and weight loss. Laboratory abnormalities included leukocytosis, metabolic alkalosis, hypoglycemia, hypoproteinemia, and hyperinsulinemia. Gastroscopy and ultrasonography revealed multiple gastric masses and a possible pancreatic mass, respectively. Examination of tissues obtained at necropsy showed a pancreatic adenocarcinoma with hepatic metastasis, gastric hypertrophy, and multiple duodenal ulcers. Immunocytochemical staining of the neoplasia was positive for pancreatic polypeptide (PP) and insulin and negative for gastrin, calcitonin, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), serotonin, L-enkephalin, chromagranin, glucagon, and somatostatin. Subsequent serum gastrin and PP assays showed a fasting hypergastrinemia with a normal response of gastrin to provocative testing and extremely increased PP values. The high PP values may have resulted in the vomiting and gastrointestinal ulceration. A PP-secreting tumor has not previously been reported in the dog.
 ...
PMID:Pancreatic polypeptide and insulin-secreting tumor in a dog with duodenal ulcers and hypertrophic gastritis. 267 25