Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UNIPROT:P61278 (somatostatin)
 22,083 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

During examination before surgical correction of pes valgus a 20-year-old man reported having 3-5 pasty, foul smelling diarrhoeic motions per day for the past 3 years. He was noted to have rather thick lips and Marfan-like body build. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate was 18/34 mm, serum activity of GOT 22.5 U/l, GPT 35.7 U/l. Faecal weight was increased to 640 g/d, fat content to 12 g/d. Serum levels of the carcinoembryonic antigen (2494 ng/ml; normal: < 2.5) and of calcitonin (1,619,760 pg/ml; normal < 100) were elevated. Gastroscopy, partial coloscopy, colon-contrast imaging, ultrasonography and computed tomography of the neck and abdomen, as well as magnetic nuclear imaging of the neck were all normal. But laparoscopy revealed the liver to be infiltrated by small whitish nodules which immunohistologically proved to be metastases of a C-cell carcinoma. Total thyroidectomy was performed and the diagnosis of a C-cell carcinoma of the thyroid confirmed intra-operatively. After the operation the diarrhoea was stopped with codeine (9 mg/d). In case of tumour progression, therapy with octreotide, a somatostatin analogue, will be carried out. The concomitant occurrence of C-cell carcinoma, Marfan-like body build, thick lips and skeletal changes is typical of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2B, which is caused by a chromosomal defect.
 ...
PMID:[Type-2B multiple endocrine neoplasms with diffuse liver metastases as the cause of chronic diarrhea]. 135 89

A deceased 59-year-old woman with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus complicated by chronic thyroiditis and chronic hepatitis was autopsied. She had had diabetes mellitus since she was 30 years old, and insulin therapy was started at 34 years. Laboratory findings were as follows: s-GOT 85, s-GPT 31, gamma-globulin 2.45 g/dl. Immunological tests were positive for anti-smooth muscle antibody and anti-ENA antibody with high titers of antithyroglobulin and anti-microsome antibodies. HLA analysis revealed the presence of DR-4. The thyroid biopsy specimen showed microscopic features characteristic of chronic thyroiditis at 52 years of age. She had been repeatedly admitted for the control of diabetes mellitus. She was admitted for the 9th time in June, 1987 following complaints of abdominal pain. After admission, her general condition became gradually worse, and she died of peritonitis in September, 1987. Pathological examination of the liver revealed an expansion of fibrous tissue on Glisson's capsule accompanied by lymphocytic infiltration and was diagnosed to be chronic inactive hepatitis. As for the thyroid gland, fibrous tissue replaced an extensive area of the thyroid gland, and normal thyroid tissue was not observed. Lymphocytic infiltration was less in comparison with that in the previous biopsy. As for the pancreas, atrophy of exocrine pancreatic tissue and fibrous change in interstitial tissue was observed. Lymphocytic infiltration was also seen in the interstitial exocrine tissue but not in the islet. Immunohistochemical examination of the islets using anti-insulin, glucagon and somatostatin antibodies by ABC peroxidase method showed the selective disappearance of B cells in the islets. The pathological changes in the thyroid gland, liver and pancreas suggest that autoimmune mechanism may be involved in the pathogenesis of chronic thyroiditis, chronic hepatitis and IDDM with exocrine pancreatic impairment in this case.
 ...
PMID:[An autopsied case of insulin dependent diabetes mellitus complicated by chronic thyroiditis and chronic hepatitis]. 259 7

The effect of somatostatin in phalloidin-intoxicated rats was studied. Animals were given phalloidin i.p. 1.2 mg/kg (LD 90-100). Somatostatin, 250 microgram/animal, was administered i.p. in saline 5 min prior and s.c. in protamine-sulphate/ZnCl2 suspension 30 min prior and 30 min after intoxication, unless stated otherwise. In vivo and in vitro uptake studies of the toxin were performed. Liver enzymes (GPT, GLDH) and kallikrein-like activities were determined in blood obtained by orbital venipuncture. Light and electron microscopy was carried out. Somatostatin treatment led to an increase in survival rate. Of the 20 treated rats six died whereas of the 20 untreated animals 18 died. A dose dependency was proven effective when half of the initial dose of somatostatin was given. In vivo and in vitro uptake studies of the toxin demonstrate that somatostatin does not alter uptake rate by rat livers. Liver enzymes remained elevated in treated and control rats. Kallikrein-like activities showed a 61% decline in treated animals whereas they rose up to 120% in controls as compared to pretreatment conditions. Light and electron microscopy reveals less severe lesions in somatostatin-treated animals. A possible interaction of somatostatin in shock development is discussed, phalloidin seems to be a suitable tool for further investigations concerning cell protection by somatostatin.
 ...
PMID:Beneficial effect of somatostatin in phalloidin-intoxicated rats. Influence on survival rate, biochemical and morphological data, and 3H-demethylphalloin absorption rate by the liver. 611 83

The purpose of our investigation was to study the effect of somatostatin on acute experimental liver injury induced in rats by galactosamine (1.2 g/100 g body wt.). Somatostatin (125 micrograms/100 g body wt.) was administered subcutaneously in a protamine sulphate/ZnCl2 suspension either 2 h prior to the injection of galactosamine or 2 h and again 12 h following the injection. Serum transaminases (GOT, GPT) and serum concentrations of triiodothyronine and thyroxine were determined 28 h after the injection of galactosamine. Histology of the liver was performed by light microscopy. Our results showed that the administration of somatostatin significantly (P less than 0.02) reduced the elevation of GOT and GPT activity and diminished the degree of necrosis, and that although the administration of dibutyryl-cAMP (5 mg/100 g body wt.) intensified galactosamine induced liver injury, this effect of dibutyryl-cAMP could be completely prevented by somatostatin treatment. There was no difference in the serum concentrations of triiodothyronine and thyroxine in controls as compared to galactosamine and galactosamine plus somatostatin treated rats. At present the mechanism of this cytoprotection by somatostatin is unknown.
 ...
PMID:Beneficial effect of somatostatin on galactosamine induced liver injury. 614 23

The aim of this paper is to elucidate the cause of death after 90 min of normothermic partial (2/3) ischemia of the liver and to examine the effects of glucagon, somatostatin, insulin, prednisolone and oral administration of polymyxin B (PB). The animals 24 hr after partial ischemia for 90 min were divided into two groups; namely, animals with normal appearance and those with moribund state. There were no significant differences in the plasma level of S-GOT, S-GPT, amino acids, NH3 or insulin, or in morphometrically estimated volume ratio of necrotic hepatocytes between the two groups of rats. The blood glucose level, however, was significantly decreased (31 +/- 28 mg/100 ml, n = 6) in the moribund rats with a higher incidence of positive Limulus gelation tests as compared with the rats with normal appearance (149 +/- 19, n = 5). The 1-day and 1-week survival rates of the animals were 42/62 (69%) and 32/61 (53%), respectively. A glucagon injection (1.5 mg/kg, after ischemia) was effective to elevate the 1-day survival rate (14/14), but failed to increase the 1-week survival rate (11/14). On the other hand, a somatostatin injection (100 micrograms/kg, after ischemia) or PB treatment (15 mg/kg/day x 5-9, before ischemia) succeeded to increase the 1-week survival rate (20/22 p less than 0.01 and 17/17 p less than 0.01, respectively), although no significant amelioration in transaminase levels or volume ratio of necrosis was demonstrated. It could be seen that a moribund state after partial ischemia was accompanied by severe hypoglycemic shock, and that the injection of somatostatin after ischemia or the annihilation of gram-negative bacteria by means of oral administration of polymyxin B before ischemia prevented the occurrence of the hypoglycemic shock.
 ...
PMID:Postischemic liver damage in rats: effect of some therapeutic interventions on survival rate. 629 17