Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UNIPROT:P61278 (somatostatin)
 22,083 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The proto-oncogene c-jun is involved in cellular proliferation by interfering with signals that lead to cellular differentiation. Moreover the induction of metalloproteinase gene appears to utilise the c-jun oncogene as intracellular messenger. The aims of this study were to evaluate a) the expression of c-jun oncogene in pancreatic cancer b) its relation with tumor histological features. Surgical specimens of pancreatic cancer were collected from 22 patients radically operated upon, and from 11 submitted to palliation. As a control group, 5 specimens of normal pancreas and 5 specimens of chronic pancreatitis were studied. C-jun staining was graded as follows: (-) positive cells < 10%, (+) from 10 to 30%, (+2), from 30 to 60%, (+3) from 60 to 90%. Glucagon and somatostatin staining was graded counting the positive cells of total numer of Langherans islet cells counted. c-Jun expression (low: < 30% and high: > 30%) was related to stage, architectural and cytological grading, vascular, lymph nodal, perineural invasion. Normal pancreas and chronic pancreatitis tissues appear to express the c-jun protein in less than 10% of ductal cells. The percentage of tumor cells stained for c-jun is increased as compared to the control group in 28/33 cases: in 13 (46%) it ranges from 10 to 30%; in 10 (36%) from 30 to 60% and in 5 (18%) from 60 to 90%. The frequency of high or low c-jun expression is not different in relation to the histological features of tumor. Moreover, c-jun protein is present in 40% of cells of Langherans islets in normal pancreas, chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer. The Langherans islet cells stained for c-jun exhibit also a positivity for glucagon. In conclusion; a) in pancreatic cancer, the expression of c-jun is increased in tumour cells in majority of cases as compared to the control group, b) a c-jun positivity is also found in alpha cells with a pattern not different from control group, but the relation between the alpha cells and c-jun production is unknown, c) c-jun expression does not vary in relation to histological findings.
 ...
PMID:The expression of proto-oncogene c-jun in human pancreatic cancer. 1021 7

In the majority of patients suffering from chronic pancreatitis an endocrine pancreatic insufficiency is correlated with exocrine dysfunction. The prevalence of impaired or diabetic glucose tolerance is 40-70%, half of these patients suffer from an insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. In general the probability of endocrine insufficiency progressively increases within the ten years following diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis. Onset and severity of the endocrine dysfunction depend on parenchymal destruction of the pancreas but are also influenced by ongoing alcohol consumption. Pathological findings in the endocrine pancreas are a loss of B-cells with decrease in secretion of insulin but also a loss of B-cell responsiveness to glucose by impaired perisinusoidal diffusion. Disturbances of the enteroinsulinar axis with diminished levels of incretins due to an exocrine insufficiency are also discussed. In addition, an impaired A-cell function may be important, that is characterized by diminished levels of stimulated glucagon. Increased plasma levels of somatostatin were found, the source of which is unknown. The susceptibility to severe hypoglycemia in patients with diabetes mellitus secondary to chronic pancreatitis is higher than in Type I diabetics. This is mainly caused by the impaired glucagon secretion but also influenced by malnutrition and concomitant hepatic dysfunction due to the toxic affect of alcohol. Diagnostic procedures are the measurement of C-peptide-concentrations and profiles of blood glucose after fasting and stimulation with L-arginine or glucose. Especially in the beginning of the endocrine insufficiency the determination of basal levels of blood glucose or C-peptide are not useful. Unless treatment by diet is effective, the therapy of diabetes secondary to chronic pancreatitis should be done by insulin replacement. A certain degree of hyperglycemia may be tolerated due to the risk of hypoglycemia and the persistent alcohol consumption in these patients. Intensified insulin therapy should only be done in selected patients with good compliance. Long-term complications in patients with pancreatogenic diabetes are comparable to diabetes Type I and largely depend on the duration of the diabetes. Life expectancy is reduced, death in these patients is mainly due to persistent alcohol and nicotine abuse (cardiovascular disease, malignant tumors, etc.), in only a minority pancreatitis or diabetes (mainly hypoglycaemia) are relevant risk factors.
 ...
PMID:[Secondary diabetes in chronic pancreatitis]. 1044 9

A pancreaticopleural effusion is a rare complication of chronic pancreatitis. Fasting, a protease inhibitor, and/or a surgical intervention are generally selected for the treatment of the pancreatic effusion. We reported here the case, in which octreotide acetate was effective for resolving pancreatic effusion. A 67-year-old man was admitted with a massive pleural effusion. This effusion contained a high level of amylase. Endoscopic retrograde pancreatography followed by computed tomography revealed a pancreaticopleural fistula. The pleural effusion was not improved by the treatment of the protease inhibitor with total parenteral nutrition and fasting. A pancreatic stent could not be emplaced because the major pancreatic duct was coiled. Administration of octreotide acetate, a long-acting somatostatin analogue, markedly diminished the effusion and closed the pancreaticopleural fistula. Transient eosinophilia of peripheral blood was seen on admission, but the number of eosinophils decreased after the octreotide therapy and normalised when pleural effusion disappeared. Octreotide is one of the effective options for the treatment of pancreatic pleural effusion.
 ...
PMID:Marked effect of octreotide acetate in a case of pancreatic pleural effusion. 1119 Oct 6

Cystic dystrophy in heterotopic pancreas of the duodenal wall is a rare but benign disease, associated in most of the cases with chronic pancreatitis. Treatment of this disease is controversial. We report here the use of a long-acting somatostatin synthetic stable analogue in the treatment of a cystic dystrophy in heterotopic pancreas of the duodenal wall: a 45-year-old man, hard drinker, was treated successfully during three months with lanreotide acetate; disappearance of cysts was confirmed by a computed tomography two months after the end of treatment.
 ...
PMID:[Lanreotide acetate may cure cystic dystrophy in heterotopic pancreas of the duodenal wall]. 1191 Sep 94

Taking into account the ability of somatostatin to exert influence of the endocrine and exocrine functions of the pancreas, the object of this research is to study the somatostatin content in patients with chronic pancreatitis and the impact of treatment with its synthetic analog, sandostatin, on the endocrine and exocrine functions of the pancreas in patients with chronic pancreatitis.
 ...
PMID:[Effect of sandostatin on the functional status of the pancreas in patients with chronic pancreatitis]. 1268 11

Pleural effusion is a rare complication of chronic pancreatitis. We report a case observed in a 39-year-old patient hospitalized for dyspnea and pain in the lower left thorax. Chest x-ray revealed left pleural effusion. The exudative pleural fluid contained a very high amylase level. CT-scan revealed a pseudo-cyst of the tail of the pancreas extending into contact with the diaphragm and the chronic pancreatitis lesions. Medical treatment associating thoracic drainage, somatostatin analog, and antibiotics was unsuccessful. Thoracoscopic pleural decortication was performed. The patient then developed pneumonia involving the left base. A new antibiotic regimen was delivered and the pseudocyst was drained percutaneously under CT guidance. The clinical course was favorable at six months with partial involution of the pseudocyst and regression of the pulmonary images.
 ...
PMID:[A rare complication of chronic pancreatitis: pancreatico-pleural fistula]. 1469 97

Pancreaticopleural fistula is an uncommon clinical entity that appears in patients with a history of chronic pancreatitis. Apropos of the case of a 40-year-old man in our hospital, we reviewed the literature and found 40 publications with little more than 100 patients. All of these publications highlight the atypical presentation with dyspnea as the first symptom and stress that diagnosis is based on magnetic resonance pancreatography. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography is used in confusing cases and in planning the optimal surgical approach. Initial treatment should consist of conservative medical therapy, including total parenteral nutrition and somatostatin or its analogues. If the fistula persists or recurs, various options are available such as surgery, placement of a transpapillary pancreatic stent or nasopancreatic tube. The overall mortality rate from pancreaticopleural fistula is approximately 5%.
 ...
PMID:[Pancreaticopleural fistula: diagnostic tests and treatment]. 1642 Sep 51

A 57-year-old man with a 3-year history of chronic pancreatitis was admitted to our hospital with upper abdominal pain. Based on examination findings, the patient was diagnosed as having pseudocysts in the pancreatic body and the mediastinum that were associated with acute aggravation of chronic pancreatitis. Because of the patient refused an operation, he was submitted to conservative management including intramuscular injection with somatostatin analogue of 100 microg/day. On the 14th day of the treatment, pleural effusion and pseudocyst in the pancreatic head were additionally diagnosed based on the findings of computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging and other examinations, and the dose of somatostatin analogue was increased to 200 microg/day. As a result, on the 28th day of the treatment, pancreatitis was inactivated, and the pseudocysts in the mediastinum and the pancreas disappeared. The patient has been followed up for 15 months, and there has been no recurrence.
 ...
PMID:A case of mediastinal pancreatic pseudocyst successfully treated with somatostatin analogue. 1663 88

Recent studies have demonstrated a significant role of tobacco smoking in the development of chronic pancreatitis. Although there are published papers on the effects of cigarette smoking on insulin secretion in patients, no data are available on the effects of smoking on pancreatic endocrine cells secreting somatostatin and pancreatic polypeptide. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of cigarette smoking on endocrine pancreatic function by immunolocalization of somatostatin and pancreatic polypeptide in the pancreas from smokers and non-smoking patients with chronic pancreatitis in comparison with healthy controls. The LSAB2-HRP technique with polyclonal antibodies was used for the immunolocalization of somatostatin and pancreatic polypeptide in histological preparations of the pancreas. The intensity of immunohistochemical reaction was calculated with digital image analysis. The study demonstrated increased numbers of somatostatin (D) secreting cells and pancreatic polypeptide (PP) cells and their altered location in pancreatic islets and parenchyma of smoking patients with chronic pancreatitis, as compared to non-smoking patients and healthy controls. Smoking patients showed significantly higher immunostaining of the hormones in the pancreas compared to non-smoking patients and healthy persons. This study indicates that smoking may play a significant role in the development of endocrine disturbances in the development of chronic pancreatitis.
 ...
PMID:Immunohistochemical localization of somatostatin and pancreatic polypeptide in smokers with chronic pancreatitis. 2211 76

Pancreaticopleural fistula is a rare complication of acute or chronic pancreatitis, requiring medical (somatostatin), endoscopic or surgical treatment, with medical treatment being the first option. We describe the case of a 64-year-old man who showed complete disruption of Wirsung's duct that was diagnosed through ultrasound endoscopy and was complicated by the development of a subphrenic collection, diaphragm perforation and subsequent empyema. Medical therapy was attempted without success, and anatomical restoration of the duct was achieved after endoscopic treatment. The patient also required surgery to evacuate the pleural collection.
 ...
PMID:[Pleural effusion secondary to pancreaticopleural fistula following acute pancreatitis]. 2224 Feb 68


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Next >>