Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P61278 (somatostatin)
 22,083 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage is a severe problem in patients in surgical intensive care units. Good experimental and clinical results are reported with somatostatin (somatotropin release inhibitoring factor) and cimetidine (H2-receptor antagonist) in prevention and treatment of acute gastrointestinal bleeding, by blocking gastric acid secretion. These experiences are confirmed with an open trial in 13 seriously ill surgical patients. First of all cimetidine can be recommended because of its mode of action and application.
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PMID:[Prevention and treatment of upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage with cimetidine and somatostatin in intensiv care patients (author's transl)]. 30 92

Upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage calls for a team approach. Early endotracheal intubation of unconscious patients helps to prevent aspiration. Erythromycin i.v. 20 min. before emergency endoscopy improves the diagnostic yield. Patients without increased risk of rebleeding may be treated on an outpatient basis. Band ligation is the gold standard for acute variceal bleeding. Terlipressin, somatostatin and octreotide are equally effective but require additional measures for prevention of late recurrence. Somatostatin and analogues used as adjunct to ligation slightly reduce the risk of rebleeding but not of death. Three to seven days of prophylactic antibiotics decrease the risk of uncontrolled or recurrent bleeding. Therapeutic failures are rescued by transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunting (TIPS). Patients with nonvaricose bleeding should only be treated when active hemorrhage or a "visible vessel" is found. First line treatment is endoscopic injection of diluted adrenalin or isotonic saline. Thermal coagulation is an alternative. Tissue-destructing sclerosants should be avoided. Clipping and injection of fibrin glue are second and third line measures. Proton pump inhibitors improve endoscopic hemostasis, however, it is unclear whether high i.v. doses are required. H. pylori must be eradicated to prevent late recurrence. Rebleeding is treated endoscopically with angiographic intervention or surgery as rescue measures.
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PMID:[Acute upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage. Diagnosis and management]. 1296 82

Upper gastrointestinal bleeding continues to plague physicians despite the discovery of Helicobacter pylori and advances in medical therapy for peptic ulcer disease. Medical therapy with new nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications and somatostatin/octreotide and intravenous proton pump inhibitors provides hope for reducing the incidence of and treating bleeding peptic ulcer disease. Endoscopic therapy remains the mainstay for diagnosis and treatment of upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Many methods of endoscopic hemostasis have proven useful in upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage. Currently, combination therapy with epinephrine injection and bicap or heater probe therapy is most commonly employed in the United States. Angiography and embolization play a role primarily when endoscopic therapy is unsuccessful.
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PMID:Current therapy for nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding. 1462 23

The abdominal complications after cardiac surgery prolong the hospitalization and increase the cost. The operative treatment of these complications is having high mortality rate--up to 85%. In this study we investigated the upper gastrointestinal bleeding: the causes, the diagnostic and therapeutic approaches, and the difficulties of the treatment. From January to December 2003, 724 cardiac operations were performed in University Hospital "Saint Ekaterina", Sofia 2771 angiographies, 594 angioplasties, and 874 stent implantations were done as well. 380 upper GI endoscopies were performed for this period. Upper GI bleeding was found in 27 cases. We used Somatostatin and Omeprasol treatment protocol in the cases of acute upper GI bleeding and for bleeding prophylaxis in patients with previously diagnosed stomach or duodenal erosions and ulcers. Endoscopic sclerotherapy was performed in 9 cases to achieve control of the bleeding. We had no relapses of the bleeding. No open surgical procedures were necessary, and we had no mortalities due to upper GI bleeding during the study period.
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PMID:[Upper gastrointestinal bleeding after cardiac surgery and invasive cardiology procedures--prophylaxis and therapy]. 1869 30

Upper gastrointestinal bleeding results from a variety of conditions that may vary in severity from merely bothersome to imminently life-threatening. While stabilization is standard for nearly all causes of bleeding, identifying whether the bleed is from variceal or nonvariceal sources is critical. Testing and treatments such as nasogastric lavage, antibiotics, somatostatin analogues, proton pump inhibitors, and emergent endoscopy may benefit some patients, depending upon the bleeding source and other clinical factors; however, some therapies that are routinely used have very little evidence demonstrating effectiveness. This issue reviews the most recent evidence regarding appropriate testing, risk stratification, and indications for gastroenterology consult in the emergency department in order to treat these patients appropriately.
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PMID:Emergency Department Evaluation And Management Of Patients With Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding. 2629 Oct 48