Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UNIPROT:P61278 (somatostatin)
 22,083 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The presence of somatostatin receptors was investigated in 57 primary human ovarian tumors using in vitro receptor autoradiography with three different somatostatin radioligands, 125I-[Tyr11]-somatostatin-14, 125I-[Leu8, D-Trp22, Tyr25]-somatostatin-28, or 125I-[Tyr3]-SMS 201-995. Three cases, all belonging to epithelial tumors, were receptor positive; specifically 1 of 42 adenocarcinomas, 1 of 3 borderline malignancies, and 1 of 2 cystadenomas. Four other epithelial tumors (3 fibroadenomas, 1 Brenner tumor), 4 sex cord-stromal tumors (2 fibrothecomas, 2 granulosa cell tumors), and 2 germ cell tumors (1 dysgerminoma, 1 teratoma) were receptor negative. In the positive cases, the somatostatin receptors were localized on epithelial cells exclusively, were of high affinity (KD = 4.6 nmol/l [nanomolar]), and specific for somatostatin analogs. These receptors bound somatostatin-14 and somatostatin-28 radioligands with a higher affinity than the octapeptide [Tyr3]-SMS 201-995. Healthy ovarian tissue had no somatostatin receptors. A subpopulation of relatively well-differentiated ovarian tumors, therefore, was identified pathobiochemically on the basis of its somatostatin receptor content. This small group of somatostatin receptor-positive tumors may be a target for in vivo diagnostic imaging with somatostatin ligands.
 ...
PMID:Somatostatin receptors in differentiated ovarian tumors. 185 Sep 62

In a mediastinal teratoma containing pancreatic tissue rich in islet cells, immunofluorescence studies showed a high degree of differentiation of the endocrine tissue. Insulin-, glucagon-, somatostatin-, and pancreatic polypeptide(PP)-containing cells were all consistently represented. They showed the same precise topographic distribution that is seen in normal islets (i.e., a central core of insulin-containing cells with the other cell types in a peripheral position) and that is thought to be important for the integrated function of the islets. This may explain the absence of clinical symptoms of hypoglycemia. In addition, a nonrandom distribution of endocrine cell types, with PP-rich and PP-poor areas, similar to that found in pancreatic regions embryologically derived from the ventral and dorsal anlagen, respectively, was observed. This finding suggests that the unknown mechanisms responsible for the dissimilar endocrine cell contents in pancreatic regions of different embryologic origins were operating in the teratoma.
 ...
PMID:Full pancreatic endocrine differentiation in a mediastinal teratoma. 286 11

Fifty-two brain tumors, consisting of 17 astrocytomas, 4 oligodendrogliomas, 20 glioblastomas, 3 neurinomas, 2 ependymomas, 1 neurofibroma, 1 ganglioneuroblastoma, 1 medulloblastoma, 1 plexus papilloma, 1 teratoma, and 1 germinoma, were tested for their content of specific somatostatin receptors using autoradiographic techniques or in vitro binding assays with membrane homogenates. Somatostatin receptors were found in most of the differentiated glia-derived tumors such as astrocytomas and oligodendrogliomas whereas the poorly differentiated glioblastomas were usually free of receptors. Tumors originating from neuroblasts, i.e., ganglioneuroblastoma and medulloblastoma, contained a high density of somatostatin receptors, whereas neurinomas and neurofibromas as well as the ependymomas, one teratoma, and one plexus papilloma were lacking such receptors. In one germinoma, low amounts of somatostatin receptors were observed over the lymphocytic elements. Receptor-positive tumors had saturable and high affinity receptors with pharmacological specificity for somatostatin and somatostatin analogues resembling that of normal human central nervous system tissue. In most instances, they could be labeled with two different iodinated radioligands, a somatostatin octapeptide derivative (204-090) or a somatostatin-28 analogue. This is the first time that somatostatin receptors have been shown to exist not only on neuronal structures of the central nervous system but also on glial elements. The precise function of such somatostatin receptors on glial cells, which may be different from neurotransmission, remains to be determined.
 ...
PMID:Distribution and biochemical characterization of somatostatin receptors in tumors of the human central nervous system. 288 27

A strumal carcinoid associated with mature cystic teratoma of the ovary in a 59-year-old was investigated immunohistochemically and electron microscopically. Histologically it was composed largely of trabecular and partly of insular carcinoid and individual thyroid follicles. Intensive argyrophilia was shown in both the cells of carcinoid tumor and follicular structure. Thyroglobulin was strongly positive in the follicular lining epithelium and weakly positive in the carcinoid cells adjacent to the follicular area. Immunoreactive cells for somatostatin and prostatic acid phosphatase were strongly detected in the carcinoid area and gradually blended to the follicular epithelium. Methionine-enkephalin, glicentin, and pancreatic polypeptide were focally detected in the carcinoid area. Whereas calcitonin-positive cells were sparsely observed in the follicular area, carcinoembryonic antigen and serotonin were absolutely negative. Electron microscopic findings revealed abundant neurosecretory granules, microfilaments, and colloid-like droplets in the same cells. We suggest that these hybrid cells are the origin of strumal carcinoid.
 ...
PMID:Evidence of hybrid cell of thyroid follicular cell and carcinoid cell in strumal carcinoid. 375 24

A rare ovarian mixed germ cell tumor containing pancreatic tissue with islet cells was reported. The tumor, weighing 4,500 g, arose in the left ovary of a 29-year-old nulliparous unmarried woman. On section, the tumor was largely solid, but with small- to medium-sized multiple cysts which contained mucinous fluid. Microscopically, the tumor was composed predominantly of immature pancreatic tissue with islet cells budding from the glandular structures, where a few aldehyde-fuchsin-positive cells and some argyrophil cells were seen. Also, insulin-, glucagon-, or somatostatin-reactive cells were localized in these structures by immunohistochemistry. Multiple cysts were covered by a monolayer of benign-looking mucinous epithelium. The tumor contained elements of dysgerminoma, endodermal sinus tumor, immature teratoma, and mucinous adenocarcinoma as minor components. Two years after the surgery followed by chemotherapy with vincristine, actinomycin D, and cyclophosphamide, the patient became pregnant and delivered a healthy female infant.
 ...
PMID:A rare malignant ovarian mixed germ cell tumor containing pancreatic tissue with islet cells. 609 90

Differentiated teratomas frequently contain the apparent equivalent of gastrointestinal mucosa. 53 testicular teratomas were investigated for the incidence of entero-endocrine cells. Enterochromaffin(EC)-cells were demonstrated by formaldehyde induced fluorescence (FIF), while the other endocrine cells were identified by immunohistochemistry. 11 of 53 teratomas contained endocrine cells associated with the gastrointestinal epithelium. The most frequently found cell type was the EC-cell, followed by somatostatin-, glucagon- and pancreatic polypeptide-immunoreactive cells. The teratoma tissue blocks (20 of 53) also frequently exhibited normal testicular tissue which did not contain any EC-cell or other entero-endocrine cells. The results are of interest in considering the cytogenesis of entero-endocrine cells and the histogenesis of testicular carcinoids, indicating that the entero-endocrine cells derive from the intestinal carcinoids, indicating that the entero-endocrine cells derive from the intestinal epithelium arising from undifferentiated stem cells. Furthermore, it seems probable that primary testicular carcinoids can develop from pre-existent teratomas by proliferation of their entero-endocrine cells.
 ...
PMID:Endocrine GEP-cells in primary testicular teratoma. 610 1

Four cases of benign cystic mediastinal teratoma containing pancreatic tissue have been studied using immunohistochemical and morphometric techniques. The different pancreatic endocrine cell types were stained using antibodies to insulin, glucagon, somatostatin, and pancreatic polypeptide, and the volume density of each cell type was estimated by point counting. Sections from different regions of the normal adult pancreas were also examined and the results compared. There was an increased total volume density of endocrine cells in the teratomatous pancreas, with a pronounced increase in the proportion of somatostatin containing D cells. The results are similar to those described for pancreatic tissue in neonates, and it is suggested that this is further evidence of altered functional differentiation of the pancreatic tissue found in teratomas.
 ...
PMID:Pancreatic endocrine tissue in benign mediastinal teratoma. 614 36

The cases of three patients with primary carcinoid tumor of the testis were reported. The patients were 41, 44, and 83 years of age. At initial examination, all three had testicular masses with or without associated pain, and none had the carcinoid syndrome. The tumors measured 4.3 cm, 3.0 cm, and 6.5 cm in dimension. All three tumors manifested classic histologic features of carcinoid tumors. The neoplastic cells exhibited argyrophilia, and all were immunoreactive to chromogranin, serotonin, neuron-specific enolase, and cytokeratin. Two tumors had positive test results for gastrin and one had positive test results for substance P and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide. No tumors reacted with somatostatin, insulin, pancreatic polypeptide, or placental alkaline phosphatase. Intracytoplasmic, membrane-bound, round-to-elliptical pleomorphic granules were identified by ultrastructural analysis in all cases. DNA flow cytometric analysis revealed a low degree (near-diploid) DNA aneuploidy in all cases, with a DNA index of 1.15 in two tumors and 1.3 in the third tumor. The three patients are alive and well 11 years, 7 years, and 6 months, respectively, after diagnosis. A total of 57 cases of this entity, including the 3 reported here, have been reported. Of these, 43 were pure carcinoid, and 14 were associated with teratoma; 6 (11.6%) patients developed metastases. Tumor size and the presence of carcinoid syndrome have been found to correlate with metastatic potential. Neither tumor necrosis nor local tumor invasion (into vessels, tunica albuginea, etc.) correlated with adverse prognosis. Carcinoid tumor of the testis is a rare indolent neoplasm with potential for distant metastases.
 ...
PMID:Primary carcinoid tumor of testis. Immunohistochemical, ultrastructural, and DNA flow cytometric study of three cases with a review of the literature. 768 60

Intracardiac teratoma is an extremely rare pediatric neoplasm. We studied the case of a 6-year-old girl with a right intraventricular cardiac mass. The tumor consisted of clusters of monotonous round epithelial cells scattered in a dense fibrotic stroma and was thought to represent an atrioventricular nodal tumor. Three years later the tumor recurred, with multiple mature elements derived from all three germ layers, and was diagnosed as mature cystic teratoma. Still present, however, were multiple areas that were histologically similar to the earlier lesion. Immunostaining revealed strong positivity for insulin, glucagon, somatostatin, and chromogranin consistent with overgrown pancreatic islets of Langerhans within a mature teratoma.
 ...
PMID:Intracardiac teratoma in a child simulating an atrioventricular nodal tumor. 785 10

A case is described of a 54 year old woman who had acute pericarditis with large exudative effusion accompanied by severe right and left ventricular failure. The patient was finally diagnosed with carcinoid heart disease from an ovarian carcinoid teratoma. She was treated with octreotide--a somatostatin analogue--followed by radical surgical resection of the neoplasm. At one year follow up only mild carcinoid tricuspid regurgitation remained. Only 16 cases of carcinoid heart disease from an ovarian primary have been described in literature. Moreover clinically manifest acute, nonmetastatic pericarditis and left heart failure are not considered as possible presentations of carcinoid heart disease, whatever the origin. In a recent series a small pericardial effusion was considered an infrequent and unexpected echocardiographic finding in carcinoid heart patients. One case of "carcinoid pericarditis" has previously been described as a consequence of pericardial metastasis. Left sided heart involvement is usually caused by bronchial carcinoids or patency of foramen ovale; both were excluded in the case presented.
 ...
PMID:Carcinoid heart disease from ovarian primary presenting with acute pericarditis and biventricular failure. 1006 36


1 2 Next >>