Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P61278 (somatostatin)
 22,083 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Blood glucose, plasma insulin and glucagon, as well as pancreatic insulin, glucagon and somatostatin contents, were measured in control (C group, 18% casein), deprived (D group, 5% casein) and pair-fed (PF) rats at seven intervals during 23 wk after weaning (wk 0). In C rats, plasma and pancreatic insulin showed parallel variations, in D rats, plasma insulin increased normally until wk 3 after weaning, dropped from wk 3 to 8 and was higher in wk 16 and 23 than in wk 8, while pancreatic insulin increased linearly after a significant drop between wk 0 and 1. Insulin variations in D rats were related to protein deficiency until wk 5, but only to energy deficiency thereafter. Circulating and pancreatic glucagon dropped identically for the three groups until wk 5: its role in adaptation to malnutrition is quite irrelevant, although a dysregulation of its secretion was noted. Protein-energy malnutrition induced an increase of pancreatic somatostatin content that was due to the energy deficiency. On the basis of the insulin-to-glucagon ratio, three phases of adaptation to protein-energy malnutrition appeared. From wk 0 to 3, the metabolic priority was growth, whereas glucose homeostasis was secondary, accounting for the early hypoglycemia. From wk 3 to 8 survival was the main priority. After wk 8, the various biochemical parameters stabilized, and growth was parallel to that of normal animals. Protein-energy malnutrition was responsible for a dissociated adaptation of pancreatic hormones.
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PMID:Progressive adaptation of the endocrine pancreas during long-term protein deficiency in rats: effects on blood glucose homeostasis and on pancreatic insulin, glucagon and somatostatin concentrations. 286 38

Growth hormone (GH) is a protein hormone produced by the somatotrophs of the anterior pituitary gland of birds and other vertebrates. The secretion of GH in birds is under hypothalamic control; it involves three peptidergic releasing factors: growth hormone-releasing factor (GRF) (stimulatory); thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) (stimulatory); and somatostatin (SRIF) (inhibitory). In addition, there is evidence for effects of biogenic amines (including serotonin and norepinephrine) and prostaglandins at the level of the hypothalamus and possibly also the pituitary gland. In all avian species examined, plasma concentrations of GH are high in young posthatching chicks but low in the adult and embryo. The difference in plasma concentrations of GH between young and adult birds is due to both greater GH secretion and reduced clearance. The lower secretion of GH in adult birds reflects fewer somatotrophs in the pituitary, changes in somatotroph structure, and reduced GH responses to TRH or GRF administration. There is only limited data on the role of GH in birds. GH appears to be required for normal growth; acting at least in part by increasing somatomedin production. However, plasma concentrations of GH do not necessarily correlate with growth rate. For instance, in chicks with reduced growth rate owing to either goitrogen or protein deficiency in the diet, plasma concentrations of GH are elevated. GH also can influence lipid metabolism by increasing lipolysis, decreasing lipogenesis, and stimulating the uptake of glucose by adipose tissue. The physiological significance of these actions is, however, not established. In addition, GH affects the secretion of other hormones, the immune system, and perhaps also the reproductive system.
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PMID:Growth hormone: its physiology and control. 615 79