Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P61278 (somatostatin)
 22,083 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Pancreatic fistula is a rare postoperative complication, usually occurring after pancreatic surgery. Majority of them heal spontaneously, some patients require somatostatin/octreotide treatment. The authors have presented 11 patients with postoperative pancreatic fistula, in whom octreotide therapy in dose of 0.1 mg t.i.d./10 days has been ineffective. The causes of pancreatic fistula have been as follows: necrosectomy of the infected pancreatic necrosis--5 patients, distal pancreatic resection--2 patients, insulinoma enucleation--2 patients, gastrectomy with partial pancreatectomy--2 patients. In 9 patients endoscopic stenting of the main pancreatic duct has been performed. In remained 2 patients after Roux-en-Y gastrectomy the endoscopic access to Vater papilla has been impossible and the patients have received one intramuscular injection of long acting somatostatin analogue. In 8 of 9 patients with pancreatic stenting and in two patients after gastrectomy the fistula has been closed within the period of 6-17 days. In one patient after the necrosectomy the prosthesis implacement has been ineffective. This patient has been successfully treated with two additional injections of long acting somatostatin analogue (one injection/14 days). Authors have concluded that endoscopic pancreatic stenting has been an effective method of treatment of the postoperative pancreatic fistula, resistant to octreotide therapy. In some cases, additional administration of long acting somatostatin analogue has been necessary.
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PMID:[Management of postoperative pancreatic fistula resistant to octreotide therapy]. 1164 92

Pancreaticoduodenectomy (Whipple's procedure) represents a considerable surgical challenge. Postoperative complications are common and typically related to leakage of pancreatic exocrine secretions following anastomosis failure. Pancreatic proteases and lipase leaking from the organ remnant attack the surrounding tissue, potentially leading to severe inflammation, tissue necrosis, and fistula formation. In addition, the soft consistency of the normal pancreas can lead to difficulties in manipulating the organ and reduce the integrity of sutures. Pancreatic fistula is the most serious postoperative complication and especially common following resectional surgery for malignant disease. Through prophylactic inhibition of digestive secretions, it should be possible to reduce postoperative morbidity after pancreatic surgery. One such inhibitor is somatostatin-14, an endogenous peptide hormone with pronounced effects on secretion of pancreatic enzymes and hormones, gastrointestinal secretions, and pancreatic blood flow, all of which may decrease the risk of postoperative complications. A limited number of randomised controlled trials have investigated prophylactic administration of somatostatin-14 and the synthetic somatostatin analogue octreotide in reducing complications following pancreatic surgery. While the majority of studies with octreotide demonstrated a significant reduction in the overall complication rate, the benefits appeared less marked in relation to events specifically related to pancreatic secretion. However, preliminary results from a limited number of trials with somatostatin-14, administered as a continuous intravenous infusion, suggest that prophylactic pharmacotherapy produces a significant decrease in fistula formation and secretion related events after pancreaticoduodenectomy. Due to these promising data, further investigation of the role of somatostatin-14 prophylaxis in pancreatic surgery is warranted in large well controlled trials.
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PMID:Pancreatic surgical complications--the case for prophylaxis. 1187 92

Pancreatic fistula is a potential complication of trauma or inflammation of the pancreatic duct or accessory pancreatic ducts. These fistulous tracts tend to form external to the pancreas; internal cases are rare. Pharmacological inhibition of pancreatic exocrine secretion and conservative approaches such as percutaneous endoscopic interventions are widely used to treat pancreatic fistulae. However, these fistulae are still associated with significant mortality and morbidity. In this report, we describe a case with post-splenectomy pancreatic fistulae and related recurrent abdominal abscess who was successfully managed with long-acting somatostatin.
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PMID:Atypical presentation of chronic pancreatic fistula: a case successfully managed with long-acting somatostatin. 1465 67

Postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) is the most common major complication after pancreatoduodenectomy (PD) and it can lead to prolonged hospital stay, increased costs, and mortality. The POPF rate is strictly correlated to the definition applied, but there are so many different definitions in the literature that comparison between published series of patients is difficult. The International Study Group of Pancreatic Fistula (IGSPF) has developed a new definition, with a grading system able to stratify complicated patients into three groups, based upon the clinical implications and costs of their postoperative course. The most important risk factors identified are a soft pancreatic texture and a main pancreatic duct diameter of 3 mm or less. Several surgical techniques have been studied in order to prevent anastomotic leakage, but none has been demonstrated to be superior to others. The use of somatostatin analogues is still matter of controversy. Conservative management of POPF is usually effective, but in patients with deteriorating clinical status with evidence of sepsis, surgical management is needed.
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PMID:Pancreatic fistula: definition and current problems. 1853 60

Pancreatic fistula, the most dreaded complication of pancreatoduodenectomy occurs with an incidence ranging from 4-30% in literature reports; the incidence varies considerably according to the definition of fistula used. This literature review describes various methods proposed over the last decade to decrease the incidence and severity of pancreatic fistula including techniques of pancreatico-jejunal and pancreatico-gastric anastomoses, deliberate avoidance of pancreatico-enteric anastomosis, and the prophylactic role of somatostatin analogues.
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PMID:The pancreatic stump after pancreatoduodenectomy: the "Achille's heel" revisited... 2058 74

Pancreatic fistula is a common complication after pancreatic resections. Its incidence oscillates between 10 and 30%. The differences in the incidence cited in the studies are due to the various fistula definitions. According to ISGPF, pancreatic fistula is an output -via an operatively placed drain (or a subsequently placed percutaneous drain) - of any measurable volume of drain fluid on or after postoperative day 3, with an amylase content higher than 3 times the upper normal serum value. The fistula is then classified according to the clinical impact in grades A, B, and C. There are known three risk factor categories for the development of pancreatic fistula: the risk related to the pancreatic disease, to the patient, and to the surgical procedure. Most of the risk factors for the development of pancreatic fistula cannot be influenced either prior to or during the surgery. There are two basic options for the prevention of pancreatic fistula: pharmacological intervention (administration of somatostatin and its analogues) and technical modifications of the pancreatic remnant treatment. However, the routine administration of somatostatin and its analogues is not advisable in all pancreatic surgical procedures. In high risk cases the selective administration is preferred. The second option is modification of pancreatic remnant treatment. Most of the studies dealing with various modifications of the pancreatic remnant treatment were retrospective with lower level of evidence. There were only a few properly designed randomized trials, and most of them did not prove benefit of one method over another. It has been shown that the results depend on the experience of a given surgical department, and above all on the experience of an individual surgeon who performs the pancreatic resection. The therapy of pancreatic fistula is based on the clinical severity. Conservative approach is warranted in most patients. In cases when reoperation is required, there are two basic strategies: surgical drainage of the collections, and completion of total pancreatectomy. Total pancreatectomy was preferred in the past, however, this procedure is technically very demanding with mortality up to 80 per cent. Nowadays, most of the authors prefer surgical drainage; this procedure is technically less demanding, has lower mortality, the endocrine function of pancreas is protected, and the patients usually need no further interventions.
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PMID:[Pancreatic fistula - definition, risk factors and treatment options]. 2357 42

Pancreatic fistula( PF) is a challenging postoperative complication. We report a case of PF following gastrectomy successfully treated using intravenous coagulation factor XIII( FXIII).A 78-year-old man with early gastric cancer underwent total gastrectomy with Roux-en-Y reconstruction. PF developed postoperatively, following which, leakage from the duodenal stump was observed. Percutaneous drainage and re-operative surgery were performed. A somatostatin analogue, antibiotic drugs, and gabexate mesilate were administrated along with nutritional support. The pancreatic and duodenal fistula had been producing duodenal juice for over 30 days since the re-operative surgery. As suspected, reduced FXIII activity was confirmed in the patient. After administering FXIII for 5 days, the amount of duodenal juice from the fistula markedly reduced, and the fistula closed immediately afterwards. The results of our study suggest that administration of FXIII could be a reasonable and effective treatment for patients with pancreatic or/and enterocutaneous fistula who are resistant to standard treatments.
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PMID:[A case of pancreatic and duodenal fistula after total gastrectomy successfully treated with coagulation factor XIII]. 2439 93

Pancreatic fistula is one of severe postoperative complications that occur after pancreatic surgery, such as pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) and distal pancreatectomy (DP). Because pancreatic fistula is associated with a higher incidence of life-threatening complications. In order to evaluate procedure or postoperative management to reduce pancreatic fistula after pancreatic surgery, we summarized some randomized controlled trials (RCTs) regarding pancreaticoenterostomy during PD, pancreatic duct stent during PD, procedure to resect pancreatic parenchyma during DP, and somatostatin and somatostatin analogues after pancreatic surgery. At first, we reviewed nine RCTs to compare pancreaticogastrostomy (PG) with pancreaticojejunostomy (PJ) during PD. Next, we reviewed five RCTs, to evaluate the impact of pancreatic duct stent during PD. Regarding DP, we reviewed six RCTs to evaluate appropriate procedure to reduce pancreatic fistula after DP. Finally, we reviewed eight RCTs to evaluate the impact of somatostatin and somatostatin analogues after pancreatic surgery to reduce pancreatic fistula. The best way to prevent pancreatic fistula after pancreatic surgery remains still controversial. However, several RCTs clarify a useful procedure to reduce in reducing the incidence of pancreatic fistula after pancreatic surgery. Further RCTs to study innovative approaches remain a high priority for pancreatic surgeons to prevent pancreatic fistula after pancreatic surgery.
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PMID:Clinical trials to reduce pancreatic fistula after pancreatic surgery-review of randomized controlled trials. 2813 72