Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P61278 (somatostatin)
 22,083 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Nuclear Medicine offers screening methods for oncology such as bone and bone marrow scintigraphy. During the last two decades, special procedures have gained widespread application. This paper is centered around the "tumor-specific" radiopharmaceuticals. In patients with thyroid cancer, I-131 still plays a significant role. Ga-67 still has its indications in lymphoma, while in other diseases Tl-201 chloride is now the agent of choice. Especially in thyroid cancer, Tl-201 has proved to be a reliable tumor imaging radiopharmaceutical. More recently, Tc-99m MIBI was introduced for tumor imaging. Tc-99m HMPAO may also be used for tumor scintigraphy, especially in brain lesions. In addition, I-123 IMP has successfully been used for imaging malignant melanoma. Another promising field of tumor diagnosis is receptor imaging. In neuroblastoma and malignant pheochromocytoma, I-131/123 mIBG is the radiopharmaceutical of choice and may be considered as a receptor imaging agent also. First clinical results with In-111 octreotide show potentials as somatostatin-receptor radiopharmaceutical in insulinoma, islet cell carcinoma, medullary and lung cancer, while I-123 estradiol needs some improvement until it may be recommended as diagnostic tool in breast cancer. Since 1978, radiolabeled poly- or monoclonal tumor antibodies and their fragments have gained widespread application. Especially the Tc-99m 225.28S melanoma antibody, I-131 or Tc-99m CEA and In-111/I-131 labeled OC-125 antibodies have proven to be of clinical significance in melanoma, colorectal and ovarian cancer.
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PMID:The role of nuclear medicine in oncology. 138 87

An autopsy case of malignant islet cell tumor of the pancreas is presented. The patient, a 64-year-old woman showed severe hypoglycemia as the initial symptom, and hyperinsulinemia was demonstrated by laboratory examinations. Metastatic tumors in the liver were found by abdominal computed tomography. Autopsy revealed a tumor measuring 6.5 x 3 x 2 cm occupying the pancreas from the body to the tail. From the results of histological and immunohistochemical studies, this was diagnosed as a malignant islet cell tumor producing multiple hormones such as insulin, glucagon, somatostatin and pancreatic polypeptide, as well as expressing the tumor-related antigens CEA and CA19-9. These findings suggested that the tumor cells showed differentiation to both endocrine cells and pancreatic duct cells.
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PMID:Malignant islet cell tumor of the pancreas with multiple hormone production and expression of CEA and CA19-9. Report of an autopsy case. 167 32

Histological review and immunohistochemical studies of 8 cases of medullary carcinoma were carried out by using ABC technique. The results showed 8 calcitonin positive cases, 3 Somatostatin positive cases, 7 NSE positive cases, 5 CEA positive cases and 8 keratin positive cases. In addition, histogenesis, histological characteristics and the evaluation of immunohistochemistry in diagnosis of thyroid medullary carcinoma are discussed.
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PMID:[Histological and immunohistochemical study on 8 cases of medullary carcinoma of the thyroid]. 170 29

In 51 patients with gastric adenocarcinoma the fasting blood concentrations of hCG, beta hCG, alpha subunits, ADH, calcitonin, enteroglucagon, gastrin, GH, melatonin, somatostatin, estradiol, CEA and pepsinogen I in the peripheral vein were estimated by radioimmunoassay at the time of diagnosis and, in those who underwent surgery, 7 days after the operation, to determine the incidence of the modifications of the above mentioned substances' blood levels and the existence of possible markers. In presence of increases of the examined parameters greater than 50%, considering M +/- 2 SD of 10 control subjects as normal range, the tumours were examined immunohistochemically. In patients with gastric adenocarcinoma, in comparison with normal subjects, we found significant higher blood levels of hCG alpha subunits, gastrin and CEA and lower of melatonin, pepsinogen I and GH. The immunohistological results demonstrated CEA in both examined cases, alpha subunits in 2 of 6 (respectively in dysplasic areas and in surrounding non neoplastic mucosa) and enteroglucagon in 1 of 3 (dysplasic areas). Our results indicate that none of the parameters we examined, because of their non-specificity or of the low incidence of their modifications, can be considered a marker of gastric adenocarcinoma.
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PMID:[Changes in hormonal and biochemical parameters in gastric adenocarcinoma]. 180 10

In this pilot clinical trial conducted in 10 postmenopausal women with advanced breast cancer, we evaluated the endocrine effects and toxicity of combined somatostatin analog and dopaminergic therapy in the attempt to suppress both growth hormone (GH) and prolactin (PRL) secretion. The patients' mean age was 63 years (range: 54-77) and the average number of previous treatments was 4.8 +/- 2 (SD). All patients were treated with the somatostatin analog SMS 201-995 (100-200 micrograms s.c. in a.m. and h.s.) and bromocriptine (2.5 mg orally twice a day). During treatment, GH levels following provocative testing (either L-DOPA or insulin-induced hypoglycemia) were suppressed in 7/9 patients. Basal somatomedin-S (Sm-C) levels declined in 6/9 women. Both GH and Sm-C levels decreased in 4 patients, while in the remaining 5 only one of the two parameters was lowered on treatment. PRL secretion (during provocative TRH testing) was almost totally abolished in 8/9 patients. The treatment did not affect circulating levels of FSH, LH, E1, E2, E1-S, T4, T3RU, or cortisol. Seven patients experienced no side effects. Nausea occurred in 3, but was severe enough in only one to require discontinuation of therapy. One patient experienced disease stabilization consisting of less than 50% regression of skin nodules and pleural effusion, a decline in CEA titer, and an improved performance status lasting 7 months. We conclude that combined SMS 201-995 and bromocriptine therapy is safe and frequently suppresses GH and PRL secretion. Its role in the treatment of metastatic breast cancer should be tested in patients with less advanced disease.
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PMID:Endocrine effects of combined somatostatin analog and bromocriptine therapy in women with advanced breast cancer. 257 6

Five peptide hormones including calcitonin (CT) and gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP), serotonin (5HT), CEA, nervous tissue specific proteins and monoclonal antibody Leu-7 were immuno-histochemically studied on 60 cases of medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC). In addition, localization of varied products in the tumor cells and its relations with the clinical features in some cases were evaluated. MTC contains a variety of products in many cases, and CT and CEA were positive in all cases. In 50 of the 57 cases (87.7%), GRP was positive, which suggested that GRP could be a novel tumor marker for this tumor. Furthermore, in tumor cells and C-cell hyperplastic foci, identical cells were sometimes revealed to possess both CT and GRP. Existence of somatostatin (SS), substance-P (SP), beta-MSH, 5 HT, Leu-7 and NSE in the tumor cells were confirmed. NSE was positive in 32 of the 47 cases (61.8%) which could confirm that MTC possesses neuroendocrine nature. In two cases of autopsy in which the tumors were highly malignant in clinical course and undifferentiated in histology, most tumor cells showed poor stainability for peptide hormones, suggesting that specific qualities as neuroendocrine tumor had been lost. In familial cases, the tumor tended to contain multiple substances.
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PMID:[Immuno-histochemical study of medullary thyroid carcinoma]. 289 90

We have studied the clinical and thyroid immunohistological features of 19 patients with sporadic medullary thyroid carcinoma and 16 patients with the hereditary syndrome multiple endocrine neoplasia 2a (MEN 2a). Both groups were identified by family screening using serum calcitonin determinations before and after pentagastrin stimulation. Pheochromocytoma and hyperparathyroidism were associated both with multiple endocrine neoplasia 2a and some cases of sporadic medullary thyroid carcinoma. Hereditary medullary thyroid carcinoma was invariably associated with C-cell hyperplasia, but C-cell hyperplasia was also associated with some sporadic tumours. All tumours were positive for calcitonin and carcinoembryonic antigen (by immunohistological staining) (CEA) and most tumours stained for somatostatin. C-cell hyperplasia also stained for calcitonin, CEA and somatostatin. We conclude that sporadic and familial medullary thyroid carcinoma cannot always be discriminated by clinical or immunohistological methods. Family screening is essential in the diagnosis of hereditary medullary thyroid carcinoma.
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PMID:Familial and sporadic medullary thyroid carcinoma: clinical and immunohistological findings. 290 73

Sixteen argyrophil cell carcinomas in 59 gastric scirrhous carcinomas were examined histologically, ultrastructurally, and immunohistochemically for polypeptide hormones, CEA, lysozyme, and HCG. In nine of these 16 tumors, polypeptides such as gastrin, somatostatin, and glucagon were demonstrated. Six of these nine tumors contained all three hormones, and three of these six tumors also had argentaffin cells. In all of these 16 tumors CEA were observed. Eight of them had CEA, lysozyme, and acid mucin synchronously. Of the above six tumors containing three peptides, three produced focal HCG. Ultrastructurally, several types of secretory granules were noted. Histologically, these 16 tumors showed poorly differentiated adenocarcinomas or signet ring cell carcinomas. Macroscopically, generalized type was 11 and localized type five. No hormonal syndrome was detected in any of the patients. It was suggested that these scirrhous argyrophil cell carcinomas of the stomach with the multifunction originate from totipotent immature cells of endodermal origin.
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PMID:Scirrhous argyrophil cell carcinoma of the stomach with multiple production of polypeptide hormones, amine, CEA, lysozyme, and HCG. 617 15

The glandular peripheral nerve sheath tumor is a rare variant of nerve sheath neoplasms in which the focally occurring glands are lined by cells showing divergent differentiation. The vast majority of the reported nerve sheath tumors harboring these glands have been malignant. We herein present a case of benign glandular peripheral nerve sheath tumor in a 43-year-old woman who had no evidence of von Recklinghausen's disease. Histologically, the tumor is composed of spindle cell component and collections of glandular component. The glandular component occupied the central two-thirds of the lesion and was lined by a single layer of nonciliated cuboidal or columnar cells. No mitotic figures were recognized in the spindle cell area. This spindle cell area had neurofibroma-like features rather than schwannoma. Many of the spindle cells had positive reaction products for S-100 protein. The glandular lining epithelium were positive for cytokeratins (CAM 5.2, AE1/AE3, PKK1) and EMA. Some epithelial cells were immunoreactive for CEA, chromogranin, somatostatin and Leu-7. These immunohistochemical findings support the neuroendocrine differentiation of the epithelial element from the schwannian component.
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PMID:Benign glandular peripheral nerve sheath tumor. A case report. 752 35

Seven cases of PCNP were studied; 5 females and 2 males, ages ranging from 21 to 68 years (mean 39). All had asymptomatic masses located in the head (3), body (2), isthmus (1) and tail (1). In 4 of them fine-needle aspiration (FNA) was done and showed a diagnostic pattern with papillary clusters as well as isolated epithelial cells with monomorphic appearance, round nuclei and inconspicuous nucleoli; 5 cases had a surgical resection and only 2 a biopsy due to unresectable tumors. Histologically, they showed the typical features of PCNP with solid, papillary, trabecular and cystic patterns. IHQ studies showed positivity for cytokeratin (n = 5), alpha-1-antitrypsin (n = 4), monoclonal NSE (n = 3), chromogranin (n = 3) and estrogen receptors (n = 1). All cases were negative for insulin, glucagon, somatostatin, EMA and CEA. DNA analysis done with an image analyzer showed 4 diploid tumors, 2 diploid-tetraploid an 1 aneuploid tumor. One patient died because of postoperative complications and the remaining 6 are alive with a mean follow-up of 17 months (2-36). We emphasize the diagnostic appearance of the tumor on FNA, and the low grade malignant potential of this neoplasm supported by the predominance of diploid tumors. Our IHQ findings suggest both an exocrine and endocrine differentiation.
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PMID:[Papillary and cystic tumors of the pancreas. Clinico-pathological, cytopathological, immunohistochemical, and nuclear ploidy study]. 808 43


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