Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P61278 (somatostatin)
 22,083 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Three patients with the carcinoid syndrome received intravenous somatostatin (3.5 micrograms/min) for one day; intravenous salmon calcitonin (8 IU/hr) for one day; subcutaneous salmon calcitonin (100 IU three times daily) for ten days; and subcutaneous octreotide (150 micrograms three times daily) for ten days. Octreotide (SMS-201.995) is a stable analogue of somatostatin. There was a five-day washout period between each treatment. During each of these treatments, reductions in the numbers of daily flushes and bowel movements, stool weight, and urinary 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) levels were observed. Relief of cramping abdominal pains was also reported. Patients 1 and 3 chose to continue receiving the subcutaneous calcitonin and patient 2 chose the octreotide. Patient 1 (aged 67 years) reported relief of symptoms for five months until she developed an intestinal obstruction as a result of tumor infiltration. Patient 3 (aged 67 years) has received the calcitonin for about 16 months with relief of symptoms and reduced urinary 5-HIAA levels. Patient 2 (aged 57 years) has continued octreotide treatment for one year and reports relief of symptoms.
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PMID:Treatment of the carcinoid syndrome with somatostatin, salmon calcitonin, or octreotide. 137 97

Filiform polyposis (FP) is a rare condition of uncertain pathogenesis, 28 cases of which have been published since it was first described in 1965. It is usually found in association with chronic inflammatory bowel disease, especially Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. The condition is characterized by the presence of numerous, densely packed, filiform polyps in the colon, which may resemble villous adenomas on endoscopy. We describe a case of FP occurring in a 33-year-old man with a 5-year history of Crohn's disease, in whom subtotal colectomy was performed because of perforation of the sigmoid colon. Microscopy revealed inflammatory pseudopolyps covered by largely normal and non-dysplastic colonic epithelium. The neuroendocrine system of the intestine in FP was investigated for the first time in this case: marked hyperplasia of endocrine cells immunoreactive for serotonin, somatostatin and enteroglucagon and of neural structures immunoreactive for substance P and vasoactive intestinal peptide was noted in the polyps and the adjacent intestinal mucosa. The patient has experienced no further complications in the 12 months since the operation. Medication administered in FP depends mainly on the nature of the underlying disease, and the amount of information published about this condition is as yet insufficient to allow any one specific type of treatment to be recommended. FP alone is not an indication for bowel resection but complications, such as massive haemorrhage or intestinal obstruction, may necessitate surgical intervention.
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PMID:Filiform polyposis: a case report describing clinical, morphological, and immunohistochemical findings. 139 19

The effect of subcutaneous somatostatin analogue SMS 201-995 (Sandoz Pharmaceuticals Corp., East Hanover, NJ) was investigated in a patient with acute postoperative secretory diarrhea. The patient was hospitalized with bowel obstruction caused by a descending colon adenocarcinoma. One week after left hemicolectomy and transverse colostomy, watery colostomy output, which exceeded 10 L per day developed. Jejunal perfusion studies suggested that the patient's diarrhea was caused by abnormal net secretion of water and electrolytes by the small intestine. Circulating levels of various peptide hormones were normal with the exception of elevated level of pancreatic polypeptide. SMS 201-995 administration reduced colostomy output and normalized many of the abnormalities found during jejunal perfusion. These results indicate that the patient's acute secretory diarrhea, occurring after large intestinal obstruction, originated in the small intestine and that SMS 201-995 can be used to manage this unusual severe postoperative problem.
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PMID:Severe posthemicolectomy diarrhea: evaluation and treatment with SMS 201-995. 239 36

An 8-week-old infant presented with vomiting and failure to thrive due to small bowel obstruction caused by a diffusely enlarged pancreas. Surgical bypass of the obstruction was followed by secretory diarrhea, hypokalemia, and dehydration. Plasma vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) (823pg/ml), pancreatic polypeptide (4,500 pg/ml), and neurotensin (680 pg/ml) concentrations were markedly elevated. No neoplastic process was identified. Therapy with the long-acting somatostatin analogue SMS 201-995 was followed by decline in VIP concentrations (900 to 200-300 pg/ml), decrease in stool frequency, and normalization of serum electrolytes. During 12 months of somatostatin analogue therapy, length and weight progressed along the 3rd percentile on the Tanner growth chart.
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PMID:Watery diarrhea, hypokalemia, achlorhydria syndrome in an infant: effect of the long-acting somatostatin analogue SMS 201-995 on the disease and linear growth. 289 8

The effect of somatostatin (SS-14) was tested in an anesthetized rabbit model of closed-loop ileal obstruction. Experimental groups included (1) immediate treatment (N = 6) receiving SS-14 2,000 pmol X kg-1 X h-1 intravenously (I.V.) beginning at the time of ileal obstruction, (2) delayed treatment (N = 5) receiving SS-14 beginning 6 hours following ileal obstruction, and (3) control (N = 6) receiving only hydration. After 24 hours, all rabbits were killed. Significantly decreased intestinal luminal volume and sodium and potassium output was observed with both immediate and delayed SS-14 treatment when compared to control. Additionally, the gross and microscopic pathologic features of intestinal distension, inflammation, and necrosis seen in control rabbits were absent in rabbits treated with SS-14. The known broad spectrum of physiologic activity of SS-14 on the gastrointestinal tract appeared beneficial in this rabbit model of intestinal obstruction.
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PMID:The effect of somatostatin on experimental intestinal obstruction. 289 93

A total of 32 histologically documented cases of heterotopic pancreas was found in a review of the records of the department of pathology at the Chang Gung Memorial Hospital between 1977 and 1987. This review was done to ascertain the clinical significance of this uncommon entity. In 14 patients (44%), the aberrant pancreatic tissue was symptomatic; in the other 18 (56%), it was found incidentally. In the symptomatic group, the heterotopic pancreatic tissue was found in a duplication cyst of the ileum in one patient, in the common bile duct in one, in a Meckel's diverticulum in four, in the stomach in three, in a congenital duodenal diaphragm in one, in the duodenum in three, and in the ileum in one. The majority of heterotopic pancreatic tissue in the asymptomatic group was encountered in the jejunum (15 patients). Symptoms were related to complications, including obstruction of the common bile duct, mucosal ulcer with hemorrhage, intussusception, and intestinal obstruction, but not to pathologic conditions of the pancreas itself, such as pancreatitis or pancreatic cyst or neoplasm. In all of the clinically significant cases, the clinical symptoms disappeared completely after surgical removal of the aberrant tissue. In 28 cases (87%), diagnosis was made by frozen section during operation. Preoperative diagnosis of aberrant pancreas was not made in any of the cases. Histologically, all cases showed pancreatic excretory ducts; in 31 cases (97%), exocrine glands were present, and in 27 cases (84%), islets of Langerhans were discernible. There was no relationship between symptoms and the presence of islets, acini, or ducts. Mallory's phosphotungstic acid-hematoxylin stain was used to demonstrate zymogen granules in the acinar cells, and insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin were demonstrated with the horseradish peroxidase-antihorseradish peroxidase immunocytochemical staining technique; islets of Langerhans were also identified. Technetium Tc 99m scintigraphy was used to detect the bleeding source in a Meckel's diverticulum and an enteric duplication associated with ectopic gastric mucosa.
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PMID:Pancreatic heterotopia: a reappraisal and clinicopathologic analysis of 32 cases. 305 29

Gastrointestinal obstruction is a common problem in advanced malignant disease, but its management remains controversial. In those patients for whom surgery is not appropriate, medical intervention is the only remaining option. We present a series of 14 patients with intestinal obstruction who were managed with subcutaneous injections of octreotide, a somatostatin analogue which reduces the volume of gastrointestinal secretions. Good control of vomiting was achieved in 12 patients, and no major side effects were observed. Octreotide would appear to be a useful drug in this clinical situation.
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PMID:Octreotide in relieving gastrointestinal symptoms due to bowel obstruction. 752 19

Vomiting due to malignant intestinal obstruction is an unpleasant terminal event in many cancer patients, which responds poorly to conventional therapies. Somatostatin and its long-acting analogues reduce intestinal secretion. For this reason, octreotide was used in a phase I/II study of patients with intractable vomiting secondary to intestinal obstruction due to malignant disease. Vomiting was controlled or the volume of nasogastric aspirate was markedly reduced in 18 of 24 (75%) patients receiving a subcutaneous infusion of octreotide (median initial dose 300, range 100-600 micrograms/day) for a median of 9.4 (range 1-38) days. A further 2 patients had partial relief of their symptoms. Octreotide is an effective treatment of nausea and vomiting due to malignant bowel obstruction.
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PMID:Palliation of malignant intestinal obstruction using octreotide. 751

Octreotide is a synthetic analogue of somatostatin with a longer half-life than the native peptide. It has been used extensively in a variety of clinical settings for some years. More recently, its uses in malignant disease processes have been studied and it is proving to be an excellent addition to the palliative care pharmacy. We look at the current uses of octreotide for the palliation of malignant disease with particular emphasis on inoperable malignant bowel obstruction. Octreotide may palliate nausea and vomiting in this distressing condition when other therapies fail. Octreotide may also control severe diarrhoea and help in the closure of fistulae from benign and malignant conditions. It has unique analgesic properties. Radio-labelled isotopes of octreotide may be used to image some tumours. Recently, it has also shown potential in anti-cancer treatment.
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PMID:The palliative effects of octreotide in malignant disease. 752 13

Intravenous fluid requirements for patients with permanent end-jejunostomy syndrome often exceeds 3 L/d, making rehabilitation difficult. The effect of the somatostatin analogue, octreotide (100 micrograms TID, subcutaneously) in reducing requirements was measured in 10 patients established on home parenteral nutrition. After 10 days of treatment, 72-hour balance measurements demonstrated significant reductions in stomal fluid and electrolyte losses from (mean +/- SE) 8.1 +/- 1.8 to 4.8 +/- 0.7 L/d (p < .03), sodium from 510 +/- 71 to 340 +/- 41 mEq/d (p < .03), chloride from 533 +/- 70 to 315 +/- 32 mEq/d (p < .002), and potassium from 101 +/- 41 to 79 +/- 34 mEq/d (p < .02), permitting an average reduction in intravenous fluid requirements of 1.3 L/d (p < .0003), 118 mEq Na+/d (p < .03), 41 mEq K+/d (p < .02), and 178 mEq Cl-/d (p < .01). This meant that daytime intravenous infusions could be stopped in all patients. Fecal nitrogen losses were decreased (p < .05), but overall there was no significant change in fat and caloric absorption. In addition, hormonal stimulated gastric acid and pancreatic lipase secretions were significantly reduced (p < .05). The effect was most marked in those patients with massive stomal losses and uncontrollable thirst. Continuation of treatment for more than 1 year in 8 of the patients suggested preservation of potency and good tolerance, with the possible exception of accelerated gallstone formation and subacute intestinal obstruction. In conclusion, octreotide has the potential to improve the quality of life of those end-jejunostomy syndrome patients with massive stomal losses, resistant to conventional medical treatment.
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PMID:Octreotide as an adjunct to home parenteral nutrition in the management of permanent end-jejunostomy syndrome. 816 99


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