Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UNIPROT:P61278 (somatostatin)
 22,083 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 38-year-old man with AIDS and intractable large-volume diarrhea due to a cryptosporidial infection was successfully treated with intravenous octreotide, a somatostatin analogue. The volume of diarrhea, 10-12 liters with 8-13 movements per day, was reduced to three to four semi-formed to formed stools per day when the patient was treated with 400 micrograms intravenous octreotide daily. The patient's intravenous hyperalimentation was discontinued and he returned to oral feeding. He quickly regained his normal weight and has now resumed his normal activities. For those patients who cannot tolerate subcutaneous administration, intravenous octreotide therapy may not only be life-saving but may also markedly increase the quality of life. Roxithromycin, a macrolide antibiotic, was also administered to this patient with cryptosporidiosis but efficacy was not demonstrated.
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PMID:Successful management of intractable cryptosporidial diarrhea with intravenous octreotide, a somatostatin analogue. 188 48

Cryptosporidiosis commonly causes severe diarrhea in immunosuppressed patients. There currently are no antiparasitic drugs consistently effective for this infection. This case describes a 26-year-old hemophiliac patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and cryptosporidiosis whose diarrhea improved with continuous intravenous administration of a long-acting somatostatin analog, octreotide. Somatostatin has a variety of inhibitory effects on gastrointestinal hormones as well as a possible nonspecific effect on gastrointestinal mucosal fluid and electrolyte secretion. The somatostatin analog should be considered for patients with secretory diarrhea refractory to other forms of therapy.
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PMID:Treatment of severe cryptosporidium-related diarrhea with octreotide in a patient with AIDS. 289 64

We evaluated the effect of octreotide, a long-acting synthetic analogue of native somatostatin, on bowel frequency in 13 patients with AIDS-associated refractory diarrhoea. Cryptosporidium enteritis and cytomegalovirus colitis were the most common causes of diarrhoea. All patients received 100 micrograms t.i.d. octreotide subcutaneously for 1 week; those who did not improve were given 250 micrograms t.i.d. for a further 7 days. Bowel frequency returned to normal in 1 patient, who was affected with cryptosporidiosis, and decreased by more than 50% in 7 others, another patient improved on the higher dose. In 1 case, the beneficial effect disappeared after 10 days of treatment. No major adverse events due to the therapy were observed. We conclude that octreotide has a potential therapeutic use in severe AIDS-related refractory diarrhoea. How to identify patients who may respond remains unknown at present.
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PMID:Treatment of AIDS-related refractory diarrhoea with octreotide. 839 32

Piglet cryptosporidiosis is characterized by intestinal villous damage and malabsorption and by reduced NaCl absorption in response to prostaglandin (PG) release from inflamed tissue. We hypothesized that the PG effect is mediated by the enteric nervous system. Piglets were infected with cryptosporidium and ileal mucosa was studied in Ussing chambers. Studies with tetrodotoxin and indomethacin showed that 75% of the PG-induced alteration in NaCl transport was mediated by the enteric nervous system. Prostacyclin was elevated in infected tissue, and its analog, carbacyclin, mimicked the altered transport response in indomethacin-treated tissue. This carbacyclin response was abolished by tetrodotoxin. The vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) receptor antagonist, VIP-10-28, and the muscarinic antagonist, atropine, individually reduced and together abolished the response to carbacyclin, whereas the nicotinic blocker, hexamethonium, reduced the carbacyclin response by 75%. The somatostatin analog, octreotide, and the a-2 adrenergic agonist, clonidine, each abolished the carbacyclin response and partially or completely rectified the altered NaCl transport of the infection. These results indicate that PGs alter NaCl transport in this infection primarily by stimulating cholinergic interneurons that innervate VIPergic and cholinergic motor nerves. The enteric nervous system may be a potential target for pharmacological control of the acute diarrhea in this infection.
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PMID:Role of the enteric nervous system in piglet cryptosporidiosis. 896 31