Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UNIPROT:P61278 (somatostatin)
 22,083 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The authors investigated the influences of recombinant human growth hormone (rh-GH) on rat urinary bladder carcinogenesis induced with N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl) nitrosamine (BBN). Rats belonging to the control group (Group I, n = 19) were given 0.05% BBN in drinking water for 9 weeks, and the bladder was excised on the 22nd week after the initiation of BBN administration and inspected. All animals developed visible tumors in the bladder. The mean number of tumors per bladder was 11.26 +/- 5.21, and the mean total volume of tumors per bladder was 126.1 +/- 212.7 microliters. In all but one of the experimental groups (Group V) and in the control group, all animals developed visible tumors in the bladder. When 0.5 units of rh-GH was injected subcutaneously once a week from the week 1 through the week 6 (Group II; n = 20), the mean number of tumors and mean total volume of the tumors were 12.15 +/- 6.59 and 206.6 +/- 318.0 microliters, respectively. When the administration period of rh-GH was changed to between week 7 through the week 12 (Group III; n = 19), the mean number of tumors and mean total volume of the tumors were 16.95 +/- 7.07 and 204.5 +/- 317.7 microliters, respectively. When rh-GH was administered from the week 13 through the week 18 (Group IV; n = 19), the respective values were 16.79 +/- 10.75 and 213.4 +/- 274.6 microliters. In Group V (n = 19), which received only rh-GH from week 1 through the week 6, no tumors were detected. There were statistically significant differences in the mean tumor numbers between Groups I and III, Groups I and IV, and Groups II and III. The mean volume of individual tumor was the greatest in Group II, although the differences were not statistically significant in comparison with the other groups. Histologically, all tumors were transitional cell carcinoma in every group. There were no statistically significant differences in distributions of tumor stage and tumor grade between any groups. These findings suggest that rh-GH enhances the promotion of carcinogenesis of chemically induced rat urinary bladder cancer. It will be necessary to elucidate whether this effect of rh-GH is expressed by the somatostatin hypothesis of GH action, its direct action, or some other mechanisms.
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PMID:Stimulatory effects of growth hormone on rat bladder carcinogenesis. 193 78

Primary small cell carcinoma of the renal pelvis is rare. We report a case of combined small cell and transitional cell carcinoma of the renal pelvis. The patient was a 78-year-old man with macrohematuria. He was diagnosed with right pelvic tumor by right retrograde pyelography and computerized tomography. A right radical nephroureterectomy was performed. Histological sections of the tumor showed a mixture of small cell and grade 2 transitional cell carcinoma. Positivity for Grimelius was noted in the small cell component. Masson-Fontana, chromogranin A, serotonin, keratin, leucocyte common antigen (LCA), neuron specific enolase (NSE), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), growth hormone (GH) and somatostatin were negative. Ultrastructurally, the tumor cells were tightly packed and attached together by scattered desmosomes. There were no neurosecretory granules. Seven months after operation, the patient died with peritonitis carcinomatosa. At autopsy, a metastatic tumor was found in the liver and retroperitoneal lymph node. Other organs were not involved. Especially, there were no abnormalities in the lungs.
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PMID:[Combined small cell and transitional cell carcinoma of renal pelvis: a case report]. 790 May 68