Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: UNIPROT:P61278 (somatostatin)
22,083 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The immunocytological detection of adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) and somatotropin release inhibitor factor (SRIF) like immunoreactivity was carried out on tumour cells from bronchial brush smears in 39 cases of lung tumours. Results obtained were compared with the cytological and histological diagnosis and confirmed the high incidence of ACTH synthesis by malignant bronchial carcinoma cells: the same phenomenon also seems to occur for somatostatin. The concomitant detection of ACTH and SRIF like immunoreactivity seems to be highly suggestive of small cell carcinoma and indicates that the immunocytological detection of hormones carried out at the same time as cytological examination can improve the accuracy of the diagnosis.
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PMID:Somatostatin and adrenocorticotrophic hormone like immunoreactivity in small cell carcinoma of the lung. 287 Oct 48

Two primary neuroendocrine skin carcinomas, one bronchial carcinoma, and one typical medullary thyroid carcinoma have been shown by immunohistochemical and electron microscopy to contain two or more immunoreactive peptides as well as melanosomes and premelanosomes. Of the battery of antisera tested, somatostatin was the only material present in all four tumors; calcitonin and ACTH were present in three of the four neoplasms. Neurosecretory granules on the one hand and melanosomes on the other were more readily identifiable in separate cells. However, in at least 2 cases, individual cells were thought to contain both types of structures. Of the various explanations possible, we choose to interpret these tumors as complex neuroendocrine carcinomas comprising cellular populations capable of synchronous production of immunoreactive peptides and melanin. since melanocytes are members of the dispersed neuroendocrine (APUD) system, these observations may not appear entirely surprising. Note-worthy, however, is that melanin synthesis seemingly remains a synchronously available option to neoplastic neuroendocrine cell populations of possibly diverse histogenesis that are actively engaged in the production of multiple hormonal peptides. We consider that these phenomena represent yet another facet of neoplastic multidirectional differentiation. It is possible that the determination of immunoreactive peptides as "markers" may play a future role in the diagnosis, therapy, and prognosis of these and similar tumors and in the study of the dysplasias that may precede them.
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PMID:Neuroendocrine carcinomas with multiple immunoreactive peptides and melanin production. 611 42

Bombesin, a regulatory peptide found in adult lung and in higher concentration during development in the foetal lung, has potent biological actions which include the ability to stimulate the release of a number of hormones. Radioimmunoassay of extracts of tumour, lung and plasma from patients with bronchial carcinoma revealed very high tissue bombesin concentrations in two oat cell carcinomas, with lower levels in two out of six adenocarcinomas exceeding the concentrations found in normal lung. The oat cell carcinomas also contained significant amounts of somatostatin and in one case neurotensin. Neurotensin was further detected in two out of seven squamous tumours and three adenocarcinomas. Secretion of regulatory peptides by bronchial carcinomas may account for some of their ill-understood non-metastatic clinical manifestations.
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PMID:Bombesin, somatostatin and neurotensin-like immunoreactivity in bronchial carcinoma. 611 68

We evaluated octreotide scintigraphy in 81 untreated patients who were suspected of having bronchial carcinoma. Octreotide scintigraphy visualized the primary tumour in all of 40 patients with non-small-cell lung carcinoma (non-SCLC), and all of 26 patients with SCLC. In the remaining patients, other bronchial disease and metastases from extrapulmonary carcinomas were also visualized. Mediastinal lymph node involvement and distant metastases were recognized in 5 of 15 and 1 of 7 patients with non-SCLC, respectively. In vitro, none of the non-SCLCs were shown to bear somatostatin receptors. We postulate that the visualization of non-SCLC during octreotide scintigraphy is caused by binding of labelled octreotide to activated leucocytes or to proliferating neuroendocrine cells around the tumours. In patients with SCLC, radiologically suspected lymph node involvement was visualized for 21 of 25 sites. Distant metastases, especially to the liver and abdomen, were missed for 14 of 20 sites, most probably because no laxatives were administered and single photon emission tomography of the abdomen was not performed. The failure to recognize liver metastases is most probably due to a comparable uptake of radioactivity by the surrounding normal liver tissue. In 15 of 26 patients, previously unrecognized tumour sites were suggested during octreotide scintigraphy, leading to a downstaging of 5 of 14 patients with limited disease. Unexpected cerebral metastases were suggested in five patients with either limited or extensive disease. In all four of these for whom follow-up was available, cerebral metastases became manifest 5-8 months after octreotide scintigraphy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:The value of octreotide scintigraphy in patients with lung cancer. 782 21

Ongoing technologic and therapeutic advancements in medicine are now testing the limits of conventional anatomic imaging techniques. The ability to image physiology, rather than simply anatomy, is critical in the management of multiple disease processes, especially in oncology. Nuclear medicine has assumed a leading role in detecting, diagnosing, staging and assessing treatment response of various pathologic entities, and appears well positioned to do so into the future. When combined with computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography (PET) has become the sine quo non technique of evaluating most solid tumors especially in the thorax. PET/CT serves as a key imaging modality in the initial evaluation of pulmonary nodules, often obviating the need for more invasive testing. PET/CT is essential to staging and restaging in bronchogenic carcinoma and offers key physiologic information with regard to treatment response. A more recent development, PET/MRI, shows promise in several specific lung cancer applications as well. Additional recent advancements in the field have allowed PET to expand beyond imaging with ¹⁸F-flurodeoxyglucose (FDG) alone, now with the ability to specifically image certain types of cell surface receptors. In the thorax this predominantly includes ⁶⁸Ga-DOTATATE which targets the somatostatin receptors abundantly expressed in neuroendocrine tumors, including bronchial carcinoid. This receptor targeted imaging technique permits targeting these tumors with therapeutic analogues such as ¹⁷⁷Lu labeled DOTATATE. Overall, the proper utilization of PET in the thorax has the ability to directly impact and improve patient care.
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PMID:Thoracic positron emission tomography: ¹⁸F-fluorodeoxyglucose and beyond. 3328 3

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