Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P61278 (somatostatin)
 22,083 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The Authors report their experiences on the treatment of 13 consecutive cases of gastro-intestinal carcinoid tumors observed over the last 11 years. The primary sites were as follows: intestine (5 cases), appendix (3 cases), colon (1 case) and peritoneum (4 cases); only 3 patients presented systemic signs. Ten patients in advanced phase were treated with a chemotherapeutic regimen containing 5-fluorouracil (5-Fu) and streptozotocin (STZ). One case was excluded from the study because of a concomitant gastric carcinoma. Of the 9 evaluable patients, two achieved partial remission (22%) with a duration of 18+ and 66 months respectively; 4 (44.5%) had stable disease for periods ranging from 7 to 40 months and 3 cases progressed. Severe toxicity (thrombocytopenia and diarrhea) occurred in 2 cases and disappeared with the suspension of therapy. The systemic signs disappeared with treatment and did not appear in 2 cases out of 3. The prospective of the employment of new drugs such as alpha-interferon and, above all, somatostatin provides hope that this uncommon disease may have an improved response rate to treatment in the future.
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PMID:Chemotherapy with 5-fluorouracil and streptozotocin in carcinoid tumors of gastrointestinal origin: experiences with 13 patients. 183 43

Treatment with the somatostatin analogue octreotide, SMS 201-995 (Sandostatin), has been carried out in a series of 23 patients with malignant midgut carcinoid tumours. The patients received initially 50 micrograms twice a day for six months, thereafter a median of 100 micrograms twice daily. Six of 22 evaluable patients (28%) showed objective tumour response lasting for 6 to 30 months. Stable disease was observed in 8 of the 22 patients (36%) and progressive disease in a further 8 patients (36%). A subjective response with decrease of diarrhoea or flushing was noted in 11 out of 22 patients (50%). Two out of 6 patients with objective response demonstrated a significant decrease of tumour size lasting for 6 and 30 months respectively. In order to maintain the clinical response, the dose had to be increased in all 6 responders. The adverse effects included development of diabetic blood glucose levels in 8 out of 22 patients (36%). Albumin-modified serum calcium levels were significantly reduced after treatment with octreotide 50 micrograms twice a day. One patient developed symptoms of hypocalcemia which was reversed by supplementation with calcium and D-vitamins. The somatostatin analogue SMS 201-995 has a beneficial effect in the treatment of patients with the carcinoid syndrome. However, the precise role of the drug in the long-term management of these patients has to be further investigated.
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PMID:Treatment of malignant midgut carcinoid tumours with a long-acting somatostatin analogue octreotide. 185 8

Malignant carcinoid tumors with the carcinoid syndrome has over the years presented a therapeutic challenge. Surgery is the treatment of choice in local disease but when liver metastases have developed other treatment procedures must be considered. Conventional chemotherapy has been of little benefit, whereas a new somatostatin analogue octreotide gives a good control of clinical symptoms but not of tumor progression. Interferon treatment was introduced in 1982 by our group and we are now presenting results of medical treatment in 130 patients with histologically verified malignant carcinoid tumors and liver metastases. One hundred and eleven patients were treated with alpha-interferon, whereas 19 patients received conventional chemotherapy. Forty-seven out of 111 patients (42%) treated with alpha-interferon demonstrated a significant biochemical response and 15% also more than 50% reduction of tumor size. In another 43 (39%) patients stabilization of the carcinoid disease was noted whereas 21 (19%) showed progressive disease. The median duration of response was 34 months. Subjective response with improvement of diarrheas, flush and/or bronchoconstriction was noticed in 76 patients (68%). Among the 19 patients treated with conventional chemotherapy only 2 showed biochemical response and it lasted only for 3-5 months. The patients treated with chemotherapy had a median survival of only 8 months compared with 80+ months in the group treated with alpha-interferon. The adverse reactions of alpha-interferon are manageable and consist mainly of fatigue, weight reduction and reduction of blood cell counts. Neutralizing interferon antibodies might occur in patients treated with recombinant alpha-interferons (5-15%).
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PMID:The role of interferons in the management of carcinoid tumors. 185 9

A 39-year-old woman with a primary carcinoid of the common bile duct is presented. The tumor showed argyrophilia; and, by immunohistochemical studies, chromogranin, serotonin, and somatostatin were demonstrated. The patient has no symptoms 42 months after surgical treatment. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of a carcinoid of the common bile duct as studied by immunohistochemistry. When six choledochal carcinoids were reviewed, the following characteristics were observed: in none of the cases were endocrine symptoms present; women were affected more frequently than men; the carcinoids occurred in younger patients than did adenocarcinomas; metastases were present in half of the patients; and, as a group, carcinoids seemed to have a better prognosis than adenocarcinomas in this location.
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PMID:Primary carcinoid of the common bile duct. Immunohistochemical characterization of a case and review of the literature. 187 30

Gastrointestinal involvement in von Recklinghausen's disease occurs in three principal forms: hyperplasia of the submucosal and myenteric nerve plexuses and mucosal ganglioneuromatosis which leads to disordered gut motility; gastrointestinal stromal tumours showing varying degrees of neural or smooth muscle differentiation; and a distinctive glandular, somatostatin-rich carcinoid of the periampullary region of the duodenum that contains psammoma bodies and which may be associated with phaeochromocytoma. This review describes the histopathological features of these lesions and discusses potential pitfalls in their differential diagnosis. Their accurate identification has significant implications for clinical management and may even provide the first pointer to the diagnosis of neurofibromatosis.
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PMID:Gastrointestinal manifestations of type 1 neurofibromatosis (von Recklinghausen's disease). 191 82

At operation a malignant bronchial carcinoid that had invaded the left atrium produced a carcinoid crisis in a 63 year old woman. A somatostatin infusion was required to resuscitate the heart and circulation and to allow subsequent resection of the carcinoid under cardiopulmonary bypass.
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PMID:Treatment of a malignant bronchial carcinoid affecting the mediastinum and left atrium by radical two stage resection with cardiopulmonary bypass and somatostatin infusion. 196 53

A 55-year-old man presented with a metastasizing moderately differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma of the larynx (atypical carcinoid). Immunocytochemical demonstration of neuroendocrine markers (neuron-specific enolase and chromogranin-A) and presence of membrane-bound neurosecretory granules in the cells established the neuroendocrine nature of the tumour. In addition, the tumour was found to produce calcitonin, somatostatin and carcino-embryonic antigen (CEA). Calcitonin and somatostatin were also secreted. On the basis of this particular marker constellation the tumour closely resembles medullary thyroid carcinoma. Review of the recent literature on carcinoids of the larynx reveals immunoreactivity for calcitonin and CEA in a high percentage of cases.
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PMID:Metastasizing neuroendocrine carcinoma of the larynx with calcitonin and somatostatin secretion and CEA production, resembling medullary thyroid carcinoma. 197 Sep 17

A case of metastatic carcinoid tumor in the right occipital lobe originating from a primary tumor in the right colon is reported in a 68-year-old man. The tumor had a high bromodeoxyuridine labeling index. Although immunohistochemical studies of the tumor specimen showed positive reactivity for serotonin and somatostatin, blood levels of serotonin and urinary 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid content were normal. This suggests that coexistence of somatostatin with serotonin in the tumor tissue might lead to inhibition of serotonin release by "autocrine regulation." The neurological complications of carcinoid tumors, including intracranial metastasis, are discussed briefly.
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PMID:Metastatic intracranial carcinoid with immunohistochemical observation. Case report. 197 87

A 30-year-old woman underwent a liver transplantation for metastasis of a carcinoid tumor of the midgut previously resected. Operative manipulation of the liver resulted in arterial hypotension, tachycardia, high pulmonary arterial pressure, oedema of the face and peripheral cyanosis, although the patient was given somatostatin (Modustatine, Clin-Midy) (300 micrograms a hour) prior to the procedure. The improvement of the symptoms was obtained by the increase of somatostatin infusion rate to 750 micrograms a hour associated with dopamine (6 micrograms.kg-1.min-1) and fluid replacement. The diagnosis of carcinoid syndrome is discussed. This unusual observation stresses the difficulty in preventing and/or treating a carcinoid shock. If somatostatin seems to be the treatment of choice of such a syndrome, its role in that case was limited.
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PMID:[Liver transplantation in metastases of carcinoid tumor]. 197 30

A 58-year-old male patient with rectal carcinoid tumor is presented. The tumor extensively involved the lymph nodes and liver, and multiple tumors were also recognized in the pancreas and thyroid. Grossly, it was uncertain whether the latter were metastases from the rectal carcinoid or all were coincident primary tumors involving multiple endocrine organs, so-called multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) syndrome. Histologic, histochemical and electron microscopic examinations of the tumors in both the pancreas and thyroid showed similar features to those of the rectal carcinoid. The neoplastic cells in all involved organs commonly expressed positive immunoreactivity for somatostatin, but negativity for carcinoembryonic antigen, calcitonin, calcitonin gene-related peptide, thyroglobulin, insulin, glucagon and pancreatic polypeptide. These immunohistochemical results confirmed that the tumors observed in multiple endocrine organs were indeed metastatic from the rectal carcinoid, rather than being a new combination of MEN syndrome. Some neuroendocrine tumors may develop widespread metastasis, sometimes creating problems with differentiation from multiple primary endocrine tumors. Immunohistochemistry may be of great help in setting this issue.
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PMID:Rectal carcinoid tumor metastasizing to the thyroid and pancreas. An autopsy case exploiting immunohistochemistry for differentiation from tumors involving multiple endocrine organs. 197 68


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