Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P61278 (somatostatin)
 22,083 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effects of somatostatin and octreotide (a long acting somatostatin analogue) in acute pancreatitis are inconclusive. This study examined the prophylactic and therapeutic effects of different doses of octreotide on retrograde sodium taurodeoxycholate-induced acute necrotizing pancreatitis in rats. The rats were divided into 4 groups receiving subcutaneous injection of saline, octreotide 10 microg/kg, 20 microg/kg at 0, 8 and 16 h and octreotide 20 microg/kg at 5, 13 and 21 h, separately. The serum levels of amylase and lipase, pancreatic histopathology, mortality and hemodynamics were examined. Octreotide significantly reduced serum levels of amylase and lipase at 12 h and the degree of pancreatic edema, necrosis and hemorrhage at 18-24 h as compared to the control group. Prophylactic octreotide 10 microg/kg significantly decreased the 24-h mortality from 100% to 44.4% (p < 0.05). The 24-h mortality further reduced to 12.5% and 10% with prophylactic and therapeutic octreotide 20 microg/kg, respectively. The decrease of mean arterial pressure at 12 h was significantly lower in octreotide groups than in the control group. We conclude that octreotide improves pancreatic histopathology and survival in acute necrotizing pancreatitis in rats.
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PMID:Effects of high dose octreotide on retrograde bile salt-induced pancreatitis in rats. 953 43

We studied the effects of SMS201-995, a long-acting somatostatin analogue, on bile-induced acute pancreatitis in the dog. According to morphometrical study, parenchymal necrotic ratio, zymogen granules area and zymogen granules occupied ratio of acinus were significantly decreased in SMS-treated pancreatitis. These results suggests that SMS-treated pancreatitis showed less damage than non-treated ones and decreased secretion of pancreatic enzyme. On the other hand, pancreatic blood flow showed a stronger decrease in SMS-treated dogs than in non-treated ones, and a significant difference was observed at 15 minutes and 1 hour after induction of pancreatitis. Many clinical and experimental evidences suggest that pancreatic ischemia causes acute pancreatitis. Pancreatitis may be worsened by an early phase treatment with SMS201-995, because this substance reduces pancreatic tissue blood flow. The harmful effect of this substance on pancreatic tissue blood flow must be kept in mind when SMS201-995 is used for therapeutic purpose of acute pancreatitis.
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PMID:[Experimental study on the therapeutic effects of SMS201-995 on bile-induced acute pancreatitis in the dog]. 954 45

The efficacy of medications to treat pancreatic diseases, even when proven effective by experimental studies, are difficult to prove by controlled clinical trials. In the treatment of acute pancreatitis, prophylactic antibiotics, somatostatin, protease inhibitors, and cholecystokinin (CCK)-receptor antagonists are advocated for use in the early stages of acute pancreatitis, but the data are insufficient to mandate prophylaxis use or recommend their use as a standard of care. In the treatment of chronic pancreatitis, digestive enzymes, oral active protease inhibitors, CCK-receptor antagonists, or somatostatin are administered for pain relief. Extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy and oral dissolution therapy with trimethadione are used to treat pancreatic stones. The goals of treatment of acute pancreatitis should be to ameliorate the severity of pancreatic inflammation or to prevent its complications. Although several treatments seem to be promising from the studies reviewed, these medications require prospective comparison with the standard procedures and long-term evaluation.
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PMID:Pharmaceutical development for treating pancreatic diseases. 954 90

The authors compared in seven patients with acute pancreatitis the levels of endogenous somatostatin, insulin and C-peptide to assess their mutual correlation and relation to the development of the disease and serum amalyse levels. The results were compared with values recorded in 11 healthy volunteers. The levels of endogenous somatostatin were in patients with acute pancreatitis significantly higher (p < 0.05) than in the control group. The authors found an inverse relationship between the somatostatin and amylase level (correlation coefficient 0.75). They did not observe a significant correlation between somatostatin and insulin levels nor between somatostatin and C-peptide levels. The elevated somatostatin level may be due to the counteregulatory reaction during secretion, stimulated by endogenous or exogenous factors (cholecystokinin, alcohol, food).
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PMID:[Endogenous levels of somatostatin, C-peptide and insulin in acute pancreatitis]. 965 May 4

The mortality rate in acute pancreatitis (AP) is significantly lower in patients hospitalized directly at the intensive care unit than in patients admitted to hospital in 2 weeks after the assessment of diagnosis, prophylactic administration of low-molecular protease inhibitor reduces the occurrence of post ERCP pancreatitis a well a coincident complications. Despite rational considerations concerning the significance of pryphylactic administration of antibodies (ATB) in severe AP, there still not enough convincing data which could be recommended a standard therapy. One of the concepts of causal therapy of AP. Suggest that inhibition of exocrine pancreatic enzymatic secretion reduces autodigestion of the gland (setting the gland at rest). The reports on success of secretin-inhibiting substances a glucagon, calcitonin, atropine and somatostatin require confirmation in randomized or accurately defined comparable groups. The initial studies on the therapeutic significance of lexipanphate-antagonist of platelet activating factor (PAF) in acute pancreatitis is promising. A long-term lavage had reduced the mortality.
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PMID:[Therapy of acute pancreatitis]. 972 66

Acute post traumatic pancreatitis is an infrequent disease representing 0.4% of the acute pancreatitis with pseudocyst formation. Few data have been reported in the literature with regard to response to treatment, particularly in cases of small or multiple pseudocysts. Internal surgical drainage is the usual treatment. Different therapeutic alternatives have been proposed among which conservative treatment with total parenteral nutrition, somatostatin or octreotide, or more recently, endoscopy may be included. We herein present one case of acute post traumatic pancreatitis initially treated with conservative treatment which evolved to the formation of pseudocysts which were satisfactorily drained by endoscopic cystogastrostomy.
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PMID:[Pancreatic trauma successfully treated by endoscopy]. 984 78

The management of acute pancreatitis is complex. Although numerous medical therapies have been proposed, few interventions have been shown to benefit patients with severe disease. Volume resuscitation, total parenteral nutrition and an adequate analgesia is the unspecific management of acute pancreatitis. Prophylactic antibiotic treatment should be performed in patients with necrotizing disease. Selective decontamination of the digestive tract has shown beneficial effects only in combination with systemic antibiotic therapy. ERCP and endoscopic sphincterotomy should be performed in severe gallstone pancreatitis. Somatostatin, protease inhibitors, hemofiltration and peritoneal lavage are some of the many medications now proven to be of no efficacy. Two clinical prospective trials are now under way to investigate the effects of two promising agents on the course of severe necrotizing pancreatitis: lexipafant, a platelet factor antagonist, and isovolemic hemodilution with dextran.
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PMID:[Acute pancreatitis: reliable and prospective conservative therapy]. 993 54

Acute pancreatitis may follow a mild or a severe course. Whereas mild or edematous pancreatitis is a self-limiting disease with a low complication rate and low death rate, morbidity and mortality in severe or necrotizing pancreatitis are still unacceptably high. The major problem is the lack of a specific drug, especially in the early phase of the disease, to interfere with the systemic inflammatory response syndrome and to limit or prevent complications of the disease. Although the initiating pathophysiological process is not known, the destruction of the gland ('autodigestion') by digestive enzymes may be responsible for disease progression. Inhibition of pancreatic activity, which reduces exocrine secretion and further prevents the release and activation of enzymes, was therefore suggested as a specific treatment concept. The results of clinical investigations using somatostatin or its analogue are controversial, since all these trials had low statistical power. In a recent multicenter randomized controlled study with a large number of patients (n = 302) (and an adequate level of disease severity), no benefit of octreotide on progression or outcome was found. Chronic pancreatitis is characterized by an irreversible destruction of the exocrine and endocrine pancreatic parenchyma leading to maldigestion and diabetes. Pain, which may be caused by increased ductal pressure, is one of the most dominant symptoms in chronic pancreatitis. However, no beneficial effects on pain with pancreatic exocrine secretion-inhibiting drugs have been demonstrated. Treatment of other complications of the disease (pseudocyst formation, fistula and pancreatic ascites), with somatostatin or octreotide has given conflicting results. However, in a prophylactic clinical setting (e.g. elective pancreatic surgery) the inhibition of exocrine pancreatic secretion reduces complications.
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PMID:The role of octreotide and somatostatin in acute and chronic pancreatitis. 1020 28

A patient who was admitted to our hospital to undergo surgery for a dissecting thoracic aneurysm suffered preoperatively from severe acute pancreatitis with pancreatic pseudocysts. Computerized tomography (CT) demonstrated the presence of new fluid collection around the cyst with the absence of pancreatic necrosis. He was given a somatostatin analog (sandostatin), which was effective in decreasing the abdominal symptoms, leukocyte counts, and the serum C-reactive/protein level. A CT scan revealed that the pancreatic pseudocyst and peripancreatic fluid collection had disappeared. Although somatostatin has been reported to be ineffective for acute pancreatitis with necrosis, pancreatitis without necrosis may regress after treatment with sandostatin. This is probably due to its suppressive effect on the exocrine function, thus resulting in a decrease of pancreatic juice infiltration.
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PMID:Management of severe acute pancreatitis with a somatostatin analog in a patient undergoing surgery for dissecting thoracic aneurysm: report of a case. 1048 35

Experience of application of the somatostatin synthetic analog sandostatin ("Novartis" firm) in treatment of 212 patients, including 84--with an acute pancreatitis (AP), 41--with postoperative AP (APP), 15--with external pancreatic fistula and 72--with high risk of the APP occurrence for prophylaxis was summarized. The significant inhibiting action of preparation on endocrine pancreatic function was noted. High efficacy of sandostatin in patients with AP and its complications was determined.
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PMID:[The administration of sandostatin in the combined treatment of acute pancreatitis and its complications]. 1058 5


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