Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P61278 (somatostatin)
 22,083 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A brief report is given on the possible role of oxygen-derived free radicals and cholecystokinin in the pathogenesis of experimentally induced acute pancreatitis. Furthermore, use of scavengers (superoxide dismutase, catalase), CCK-receptor antagonists and somatostatin are discussed in the therapy of acute pancreatitis induced in animal models. It is suggested that both the term of direct pancreatic cytoprotection of the above-mentioned agents and the validity of the animal models used for induction of acute pancreatitis have to be reconsidered.
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PMID:Pancreatic cytoprotection: new approaches. 134 8

The authors report their experience in the use of somatostatin in severe acute pancreatitis. From 1985 to 1990, 169 patients with severe acute pancreatitis have been observed in the Surgery Division of "S. Andrea" Hospital in Vercelli. After the introduction, the evaluation of methods employed and results obtained, the authors conclude that somatostatin can give a good response in this kind of patient without side effects or complications.
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PMID:[The use of somatostatin in the therapy of acute pancreatitis]. 135 64

The aim of the medical treatment of acute pancreatitis is to rest the gland and to reduce complication and mortality rates. The effect of various treatment modalities on the course and outcome of acute pancreatitis have been disappointing. This review critically considers the results of reported therapeutic trials and our own unpublished data of somatostatin and its long-acting synthetic analogue, octreotide, in acute pancreatitis. It is concluded that somatostatin is a promising drug. It reduces pancreatic enzyme secretion, the clinical need for analgesic drug administration, and the local complication rate, and shortens hospitalization. However, its effect on mortality rates is questionable. It is suggested that large-scale, carefully designed studies of somatostatin are needed to evaluate the beneficial effect of this drug on the course and outcome of acute pancreatitis. Since most of the trials included pancreatitis of various etiologies, it is also suggested that cases of acute biliary pancreatitis should be excluded or evaluated separately, as these patients are best treated by endoscopic sphincterotomy.
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PMID:Conservative treatment of acute pancreatitis: the use of somatostatin. 136 Sep 37

To determine whether a synthetic somatostatin analogue, octreotide, and a cholecystokinin receptor antagonist, L-364,718, may be beneficial in acute pancreatitis, 33 dogs were assigned to four groups. Each dog underwent laparotomy with injection of autologous bile into the dorsal pancreatic duct. Thirty minutes after the induction of pancreatitis, Group 1 received a subcutaneous injection of octreotide (200 micrograms/kg), Group 2 received an equal volume of the octreotide carrier, Group 3 received an hourly intravenous bolus of L-364,718 (60 micrograms/kg), and Group 4 received an equal volume of the L-364,718 carrier. Hemodynamic profiles, arterial blood gases, plasma glucose, and serum amylase were obtained before laparotomy, at bile injection, and at hourly intervals. The pancreas was removed after 8 hours for gross evaluation, measurement of water content, and histologic examination. A significant decrease in cardiac index and a significant increase in serum amylase and pancreatic edema occurred in all four groups 8 hours after the induction of pancreatitis (P less than 0.05), but there was no statistical difference between any group. Likewise, there was no difference in gross or histologic changes in the pancreas of any group. The somatostatin analogue, octreotide, and the cholecystokinin receptor antagonist, L-364,718, did not ameliorate the effects of severe, bile-induced pancreatitis in dogs.
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PMID:Effect of somatostatin analogue and cholecystokinin receptor antagonist on bile-induced acute canine pancreatitis. 137 11

The purpose of this study was to determine whether prophylactic somatostatin infusion can prevent pancreatitis after hydrostatic balloon dilation of the pancreatic duct sphincter segment in 16 patients with idiopathic recurrent pancreatitis. This study demonstrated that prophylactic administration of somatostatin before, during, and after the procedure diminished the incidence and severity of acute pancreatitis. We recommend consideration of such prophylaxis in patients undergoing this procedure.
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PMID:Somatostatin prevents acute pancreatitis after pancreatic duct sphincter hydrostatic balloon dilation in patients with idiopathic recurrent pancreatitis. 167 78

Two male patients with recurrent acute pancreatitis due to alcohol abuse were admitted with pancreatic ascites (high concentration of amylase, raised protein concentration, no specific cytologic features). Ultrasound (US) and computed tomography (CT) confirmed gross ascites and inflammation of the pancreas in both patients, and a pseudocyst in the head of the pancreas in one of them. Treatment with total parenteral nutrition (TPN) and a H2-blocking agent was instituted and continued for 4 and 2 wk, respectively. Due to lack of improvement, somatostatin infusion (250 micrograms/h) was started. During the next few days, there was a rapid improvement of the clinical status, and the production of ascites ceased. We conclude that somatostatin infusion should be tried before any invasive diagnostic or therapeutic intervention in patients with pancreatic ascites.
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PMID:Pancreatic ascites: treatment by continuous somatostatin infusion. 167 89

The effects of somatostatin (SS) on the treatment of acute pancreatitis were studied in rats. Acute pancreatitis was established by injecting 5% sodium taurocholate in the biliopancreatic duct. Previously, pancreatic necrosis was determined in this experimental model at several intervals without treatment. Treatment was started according different groups: at 12, 16 and 20 hours after induction of acute pancreatitis (IV bolus of 4 ug/kg body weight followed by a 24h continuous infusion of 4 ug/kg body wt/hour). When somatostatin was initiated at 12 or 16h a decrease in serum amylase and lactodehydrogenase was observed, as well as in pancreatic necrosis resulting in 0% mortality after 24h of treatment. When somatostatin was started at 20h there was no changes in the lethal outcome of the disease.
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PMID:[Somatostatin in the treatment of established and severe acute pancreatitis in the rat]. 168 78

Somatostatin and octreotide have a definitive role in the management of symptomatic gut neuroendocrine tumours, particularly VIPomas and carcinoid. They probably also have a role in variceal bleeding, but this needs further confirmatory randomized trials. At present there is a potential role in the management of short bowel syndrome, dumping syndrome and gastrointestinal fistulae, but randomized clinical studies are needed. Possibly there is a role in AIDS-related diarrhoea and 'idiopathic' secretory diarrhoea, but more evidence is required. They have no role in acute pancreatitis and peptic ulcer bleeding. Irritable bowel syndrome remains unexplored but unlikely to benefit.
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PMID:Somatostatin and octreotide in gastroenterology. 168 74

Despite the proposal that somatostatin or its stable analogue, octreotide (SMS-201,995), may exert an ameliorating effect on acute pancreatitis, data concerning its beneficial effect in this situation are conflicting. This study examines the effects of octreotide on acute pancreatitis, resulting from the retrograde injection of a bile salt (taurocholate) plus saturating trypsin into the common bile-pancreatic duct of the rat. Octreotide given before the induction of pancreatitis significantly reduced the levels of serum amylase and lipase, ascites amylase concentration, degree of leukocyte infiltration, and focal areas of pancreatic tissue necrosis. In contrast, administration of octreotide as soon as 5 min following induction had no demonstrable ameliorating effects on the pancreatitis. These results indicate that octreotide may have application to prophylaxis of acute pancreatitis in cases where bile salts may play a role in pathogenesis, but may not be beneficial in established acute pancreatitis.
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PMID:A somatostatin analogue is protective against retrograde bile salt-induced pancreatitis in the rat. 171 27

Those forms of acute pancreatitis with a biliary etiology necessitate the choice of surgical techniques whose main objective is to obviate the cause of lithiasis and remove the necrotic and hemorrhagic areas of the gland. While probably overestimated from an epidemiological point of view, acute biliary pancreatitis still causes an overall mortality rate of 10% and has hardly been affected by the development of intensive care units and the routine use of somatostatin. By comparing the various approaches reported in the literature the Authors attempt to match the surgical concept of "timing" and the type of operation to be performed with the anatomopathological stage of disease. The paper reports the preliminary results of a treatment protocol in use since 1988 in group of 35 patients in whom the preoperative diagnosis of acute biliary pancreatitis was confirmed by computerised tomography.
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PMID:[Acute biliary pancreatitis. Therapeutic approach]. 180 87


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