Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P61278 (somatostatin)
 22,083 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The aim of this study was to assess the effects a long-acting somatostatin analogue (octreotide) had on the heart function of acromegalic patients. Five patients fulfilling clinical criteria of active acromegaly without symptoms of heart dysfunction, were treated with increased doses of octreotide (300, 600, 900, 1,200 and 1,500 micrograms/daily) over a period of six months. Growth hormone (GH) profiles were carried out during each different dose of octreotide. M-Mode, two dimensional and Doppler echocardiographic evaluation were performed both before and after treatment. Although the GH levels of all patients dropped after each increment of the octreotide, the responses were not homogeneous. Six months after the onset of treatment, echocardiographic studies revealed a significant reduction in the interventricular septum thickness (IVST) (p less than 0.05) and Doppler analyses showed an increase in the early diastolic transmitral flow velocity (p less than 0.05). Our results indicate that octreotide is capable of reversing acromegalic cardiopathy, since it not only reduces GH levels to within normal limits but improves left ventricular hypertrophy and distensibility without modifying contractility.
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PMID:Acromegalic cardiopathy improves after treatment with increasing doses of octreotide. 204 21

Ten patients with acromegaly were treated with the long-acting somatostatin analogue, Sandostatin (SMS 201-995, octreotide) for more than one year. Computerized tomography was performed before and on 4 different occasions during the treatment. Sella turcica volumes were calculated in nine patients and showed a gradual decrease in all, averaging 32% +/- 14.6%, P less than 0.001 at the end of the study, which is probably indicative of a simultaneous reduction in adenoma size.
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PMID:Reduction in sella turcica volume. An effect of long-term treatment with the somatostatin analogue, SMS 201-995, in acromegalic patients. 204 4

Two patients developed specific IgG antibodies against octreotide after 2-3 years' treatment for acromegaly with this long acting somatostatin analogue. The presence of these antibodies reduced the plasma disappearance rate of total extractable octreotide by 60 and 80% respectively. When compared to that of non-immune acromegalic patients, the plasma half-life of octreotide in these two patients was 300 and 450 vs 110 min in those with no detectable octreotide antibodies. The sole observed consequence of the immunization was a marked prolongation of the interval of maximum GH inhibition from a mean of 5 to 8 and 10 h in the two patients described after octreotide injection.
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PMID:Effects of antibodies against octreotide in two patients with acromegaly. 206 Jan 49

Dynamic studies of growth hormone (GH) secretion were performed in two patients with ectopic GHRH syndrome. Patient 1 (female, 33 years old) had a growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH) producing carcinoid of the lung with clinical features of acromegaly while patient 2 (50 years old male) had small cell carcinoma of the lung without acromegaly. Insulin hypoglycemia stimulated GH secretion in both patients (i.e. from a basal level of 10 mU/l to 48 mU/l in patient 1, while the respective values in patient 2 were 5 mU/l and 61 mU/l), TRH acutely stimulated GH in both patients. Synthetic GHRH 1-29 (KABI) i.v. bolus 100 micrograms did not stimulate GH release in either patient (i.e. basal GH 14 mU/l and peak 18 mU/l (patient 1); basal GH 4.6 mU/l and peak 8.8 mU/l (patient 2). It is concluded that: 1. prolonged pituitary exposure to GHRH is associated with chronic GH hypersecretion with or without clinical acromegaly; 2. GH response to TRH may be mediated at the pituitary level and results from prolonged exposure to GHRH; 3. the discordant response of GH after GHRH and insulin induced hypoglycemia might suggest the involvement (at least partially) of somatostatin in the mechanism of GH release after hypoglycemia and after GHRH.
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PMID:Discordance between growth hormone responses after growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) and insulin hypoglycemia in ectopic GHRH syndrome. 211 55

Twenty-four GH secretory patterns were studied before and during continuous infusions of GHRH in six patients with active acromegaly and in six normal adult men. GH release was episodic in both groups. Control subjects showed a normal diurnal variation in GH release, with the majority of GH released at night (2200-0800 h); mean levels were 1.5 +/- 0.4 (SE) ng/mL (day) and 4.2 +/- 0.8 ng/mL (night). Acromegalics had no diurnal variation in GH; levels were 45.3 +/- 13.7 ng/mL (day) and 39.8 +/- 12.2 ng/mL (night). Acromegalics demonstrated an increased frequency of GH pulses compared to normals (11.8 +/- 0.8 vs. 2.2 +/- 0.3/24 h). During continuous 24-h infusions of GHRH, the normal subjects continued to show a diurnal variation in GH release, but GH pulse frequency increased to a rate (11.7 +/- 1.4 pulses/24 h) very similar to that of the patients with acromegaly. In contrast, GHRH infusion did not alter the GH pulse frequency in the acromegalics. GHRH increased the mean levels of GH in both groups (patients 80.2 +/- 20.3 vs. 41.0 +/- 12.1 ng/mL, x +/- SE. P less than 0.05; controls 10.2 +/- 2.0 vs. 3.33 +/- 0.5 ng/mL, P less than 0.01). Some of the patients with acromegaly showed a progressive decline in GH levels during the infusion period, suggesting desensitization or exhaustion of releaseable stores; however, GH levels remained above basal values in all patients. After the 24-h GHRH infusions, the GH response to a bolus of GHRH was diminished in the normal subjects (2.1 +/- 0.9 vs. 16.8 +/- 5 ng/mL, x +/- SE; P less than 0.01) but not in the acromegalic patients (30.2 +/- 8.9 vs. 35.5 +/- 12.5 ng/mL; NS). These results indicate that GH release is episodic under basal conditions and during continuous GHRH infusion in both acromegalic and normal subjects, indicating the importance of other modulators of GH release, such as somatostatin, which may remain pulsatile even in acromegaly.
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PMID:Pulsatile growth hormone secretion in patients with acromegaly and normal men: the effects of growth hormone-releasing hormone infusion. 211 36

Long-term treatment with the somatostatin analogue SMS 201-995 (SMS) might impair exocrine pancreatic function, secretion of cholecystokinin (CCK) and pancreatic polypeptide (PP), and pancreatic size. In five acromegalics on chronic treatment with SMS, we investigated postprandial 6-h urinary excretion of p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) and p-aminosalicylic acid (PAS) after s.c. injection of 100 micrograms SMS or placebo and after ingestion of 2 mmol nBT-PABA and 2 mmol PAS. In the acromegalics, urinary PABA/PAS ratio (reflecting exocrine pancreatic function) after SMS was similar to that after placebo (P greater than 0.10) and higher than in healthy volunteers (n = 8, P = 0.05). The initial inhibition of plasma CCK secretion by SMS was cancelled during the 3rd h after the meal, whereas PP release remained completely abolished. Pancreatic size as measured by ultrasonography, was not reduced in seven acromegalics compared with 14 healthy volunteers. It is concluded that despite a blunted release of the trophic hormone CCK, long-term treatment with SMS 201-995 neither induces an abnormally small pancreas nor deterioration of postprandial exocrine pancreatic function in patients with acromegaly.
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PMID:Postprandial exocrine pancreatic function during long-term treatment with the somatostatin analogue SMS 201-995 in acromegalic patients. 212 94

A potent and long-acting somatostatin analogue, SMS 201-995 (SMS) is currently employed for the treatment of various diseases with hypersecretion of hormones such as acromegaly and gastrinoma. The suppressive effects of SMS are also reported on the other pituitary and gastrointestinal hormones. The corticotropic-adrenocortical axis is a crucial hormonal complex in maintaining normal activity and life itself. In this study, the effects of SMS on corticotropic-adrenocortical functions were studied, since the effects of SMS on this hormonal axis are not well established. Seven normal males received a sc injection of 100 micrograms SMS or placebo at 0830 h and 100 micrograms synthetic human corticotropin-releasing hormone (hCRH) intravenously (SMS-hCRH study). Five of the 7 subjects were given an injection of a synthetic (1-24) ACTH (250 micrograms or 63 micrograms) at 0900 h after 100 micrograms SMS or a placebo at 0830 h (SMS-ACTH study). Blood samples were drawn at -30, 0, 15, 30, 60, 90 and 120 min after the hCRH injection for the determination of ACTH and cortisol in the SMS-hCRH study, and cortisol and aldosterone in the SMS-ACTH study. Although significant rises in plasma ACTH and cortisol levels were observed regardless of the preinjection of SMS, their responses to hCRH were significantly lower with the pretreatment with SMS than without SMS. A significant increase in plasma cortisol and aldosterone was observed in response to synthetic ACTH with both ACTH alone and the combined administration of SMS and ACTH, at either dose of ACTH. However, no significant difference in cortisol and aldosterone secretion was detected with and without SMS.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Effects of a long-acting somatostatin analogue on pituitary-adrenocortical secretion in normal human subjects. 216 54

Somatostatin is a short-acting natural peptide secreted by specialized cells in the GI tract, the central and peripheral nervous systems, and a variety of other tissues. Its many actions include suppression of the secretion of GH, TSH, GI hormones, and inhibition of GI exocrine secretion. A long-acting analogue developed by Sandoz (Sandostatin, SMS 201-995) has been used to treat acromegaly and neuroendocrine tumors. We report our experience with it in carcinoid tumors (4 cases), glucagonomas (2), gastrinoma (1), VIPoma (1) and nonfunctioning islet cell tumor (1). It was given by continuous subcutaneous infusion, using a small portable pump, in doses ranging from 300 to 1500 mcg/day, without significant side-effects. 7 of the 9 patients had complete relief of symptoms, and tumoral hormone secretion decreased in 4 of the 5 in whom it was measurable, but there was no evidence of tumor regression. SMS 201-995 is useful for the symptomatic treatment of patients with neuroendocrine gut tumors.
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PMID:[Somatostatin analogue in the treatment of neuroendocrine gut tumors]. 217 25

Ten patients with active acromegaly, six with a poor response to previous therapies and four newly diagnosed, were treated with the long-acting somatostatin analog octreotide (Sandostatin; 200-500 micrograms/day, sc, twice or three times daily) for 6-15 months. There was rapid clinical improvement in all patients. The mean daily serum GH concentration was reduced by 64% and was normalized (all GH values less than 2 micrograms/L) in three patients. Serum insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) concentrations were lowered by 40% and were normalized in eight patients. Serum concentrations of the amino-terminal propeptide of type III procollagen (PIIINP), an index of tissue collagen metabolism, were reduced by 40% and were normalized in all patients with initially elevated values. There was a statistically significant positive correlation between the mean serum GH and IGF-I levels (r = 0.47; P less than 0.001) as well as between serum GH and PIIINP levels (r = 0.34; P less than 0.05) and between serum IGF-I and PIIINP (r = 0.50; P less than 0.001). The effects of octreotide on pituitary tumor size and pathology were evaluated in one patient. The therapy did not seem to be associated with significant changes in sellar computed tomographic scans or light microscopic findings. The drug was generally well tolerated. However, indications of significant hepato-biliary dysfunction were noted in one patient after 5 months of therapy. This was reversible upon discontinuation of therapy and did not occur later during the rechallenge with a lower dose of the drug. However, there was probably newly formed cholelithiasis in four patients during the therapy. Our study suggests that octreotide is an effective and relatively safe new approach for treating active acromegaly. Further studies are needed to investigate long term effects on the hepatobiliary system.
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PMID:Effective clinical response to long term octreotide treatment, with reduced serum concentrations of growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor-I, and the amino-terminal propeptide of type III procollagen in acromegaly. 218 Sep 76

Ten patients (seven women, three men) with active acromegaly, five previously treated and five newly diagnosed, were included in an open-label prospective trial of 3 daily subcutaneous injections of the long-acting somatostatin analogue SMS 201-995 (Sandostatin) at increasing doses in order to obtain maximum growth hormone (GH) suppression. Four patients had received surgery, radiotherapy or bromocriptine. SMS 201-995 doses were increased in a stepwise fashion from 100 micrograms every 8 h (three times daily) to 200, 300 and finally 500 micrograms three times daily at monthly intervals if mean serum GH values failed to decrease to undetectable levels in over 75% of the samples. The optimal dose was maintained for up to 28 months. Significant clinical improvement of headache, soft tissue swelling, facial features, hyperhidrosis and paraesthesia occurred in all patients. Mean 12-h GH levels were significantly suppressed in four patients and fell to normal values in four. Suppression of GH levels was not achieved in two patients. Comparison of the mean interindividual GH values shows that the optimal efficacious dose is 100 micrograms t.i.d. in 7/10 patients. Somatomedin-C (SM-C) was also significantly reduced to below 50% of pretreatment levels in nine patients in whom it was measured. The subsequent increments of SMS 201-995 up to 500 micrograms three times daily did not produce further clinically relevant GH or SM-C suppression. Pituitary tumour shrinkage occurred in five patients. Thyroid function remained normal. Impaired glucose tolerance occurred in four patients. Side-effects (diarrhoea, abdominal discomfort) were mild and transient. Asymptomatic gallstones occurred in three patients on 1500 micrograms/day and one patient on 600 micrograms/day after 6-12 months treatment. This dose-finding study shows that 100 micrograms three times daily SMS 201-995 is an effective therapy for most of the acromegalic patients we treated.
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PMID:Clinical and biochemical effects of incremental doses of the long-acting somatostatin analogue SMS 201-995 in ten acromegalic patients. 220 Jun 20


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